Interleukin-4, which has been contemplated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and/or osteoarthritis because of its anticatabolic properties, has also been shown to modulate apoptosis. Because inadequate apoptosis is thought to contribute to synovial hyperplasia, we have investigated the ability of IL-4 and other Th2 cytokines to protect human synovial cells from apoptosis. Human synovioc...

The present study was designed to determine whether adult swine with peripheral artery insufficiency (PAI) would exhibit vascular dysfunction in vessels distinct from the affected distal limbs, the coronary conduit arteries. Moreover, we sought to evaluate the effect of exercise training on coronary vasomotor function in PAI. Eighteen female healthy young Yucatan miniature swine were randomly a...

Nitronyl nitroxides are capable of preventing cells, tissues, and organs from radical-induced damage through scavenging NO˙, ˙O(2)(-) and ˙OH. In order to explore the conversions of nitronyl nitroxides in biological systems with and without NO˙, HPLC-MS aided PC12 cell systems were developed, and the conversions of 2-(3'-nitrophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl -3-oxide (3-nitro-PTIO)...

In the title layered coordination polymer, [Na(4)(C(8)H(3)NO(6))(2)(H(2)O)(3)](n), the doubly deprotonated 3-nitro-benzene-1,2-dicarboxyl-ate ligands exhibit μ(8)- and μ(6)-coordination modes to the sodium ions, generating sheets lying parallel to (001). The coordination environments of the sodium ions are distorted octa-hedral, distorted trigonal-bipyramidal and moncapped trigonal-prismatic. O...

From the time immemorial, sodium borohydride has been used for the reagent of choice for reducing various carbonyl compounds and acid chlorides in protic solvents. Over the past decades the utility of sodium borohydride has been greatly expanded and various modifications have been developed. Reductive dechlorination of aromatic halo nitro compounds have a great significance in the field of orga...

A protocol for the synthesis of α-alkynylnitrones from 1,3-enynes has been developed. The process is triggered by hydromagnesiation with magnesium hydride (MgH2), which prepared in situ through solvothermal treatment iodide (MgI2) sodium (NaH) tetrahydrofuran. Downstream functionalization resulting propargylmagnesium intermediates organo nitro compounds affords α-alkynylnitrones, could be used ...

Vasodilator therapy is useful adjunctive therapy in the management of both acute and chronic heart failure. Arteriolar dilators, such as hydralazine, increase cardiac output by decreasing the elevated peripheral vascular resistance that occurs in heart failure. Venodilators, such as nitrates, decrease ventricular filling pressures by redistributing blood so that more is pooled in peripheral vei...

The goal of this study was to determine whether nitric oxide has a long-term role in the control of renal hemodynamics and the relation between arterial pressure and urinary sodium excretion. Studies were conducted over a 25-day period in seven conscious dogs equipped with indwelling vascular catheters and an electromagnetic flow probe on the iliac artery. Nitric oxide synthesis was inhibited b...