Stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) tests were conducted in the near-neutral pH standard solution, NS4, and in an actual soil solution, using four-point bending at a high stress ratio and low frequency conditions very similar to those of operational pipelines. Pitting incubation appeared first and then pitting initiated and grew in both solutions although there were many more pits on the specimen t...

Crop coefficient curves provide simple, reproducible means to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ET) from weather-based reference ET values. The dual crop coefficient sKcd method of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States (FAO) Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56 (FAO-56) is intended to improve daily simulation of crop ET by considering separately the contribution of evapora...

stress-corrosion cracking (scc) tests were conducted in the near-neutral ph standard solution, ns4, and in an actual soil solution, using four-point bending at a high stress ratio and low frequency conditions very similar to those of operational pipelines. pitting incubation appeared first and then pitting initiated and grew in both solutions although there were many more pits on the specimen t...

Desiccation shrinkage is a key factor contributing to the engineering hazards in expansive soil. To inhibit initiation and expansion of cracks, composite improvement approach using biochar sisal fibers was applied soil from Nanning, Guangxi. An orthogonal test method employed conduct desiccation cracking tests on improved soil, investigating effects crack length, ratio width. The results indica...

The principles of irrigation and drainage in cracking soils differ markedly from non-cracking soils, and are not thoroughly understood. This paper presents a conceptual model to simulate water and salt flows in cracking soils of the Imperial Valley, CA, in the presence of ground water that contributes partially to ET demand of crops. A salt reactivity function is introduced in the model to acco...

Desiccation cracking and its implications will be more of an issue due to the global warming trends. Soils tend to shrink when they lose moisture. In particular, fine-grained soils are susceptible to shrinkage and the resulting volume change. Shrinkage can cause cracking of soils that can adversely impact the engineering properties and behavior of the soils. As a result, the integrity of struct...

improvements in the properties of ordinary sidewall compound (nr/br) with the addition of epdm by reactive processing method were evaluated. the results show that ozone resistance of these sidewalls was improved with increased addition of epdm. also the tensile strength and elongation-at-break were increased in comparison with nrbrepdm compounds that were made by non-reactive processing. sem ph...