We present the main characteristics of cosmic ray population in the atmosphere and its variability (11-and 22-year solar cycle variations, solar protons originating from powerful solar flares, energetic electron precipitation during geomagnetic disturbances and Forbush decreases of cosmic rays). The experimental data were obtained from the long-term cosmic ray monitoring in the atmosphere from ...

INTRODUCTION Radiation doses received onboard aircraft are monitored in Europe to protect aircrew in accordance with a European Union directive. The French Aviation Authorities have developed a system called SIEVERT, using calculation codes to monitor effective radiation doses. METHODS For the galactic cosmic ray component, a 3-D world map of effective dose rates is computed using available o...

We compare observations of the modulated intensities and spectra of galactic cosmic ray nuclei and anomalous heliumabove 30MeV/nmeasured by theCOsmic andSolar Particle INvestigations (COSPIN) High Energy Telescope (HET) on Ulysses with similar observations from the IMP-8 earthorbiting satellite between September 1994 and August 1995. During this interval Ulysses made a rapid scan of solar latit...

Galactic cosmic rays have been positively correlated to the Earth’s low cloud cover. It is now evident that cosmic ray ionization is linked to lowering nucleation barriers and promoting early charged particle growth into the Aitken range. There is a substantially high probability that some of the charged particles grow to the 100 nm range and beyond to become CCN. There is also evidence that el...

The relation between the dynamics of the heliosphere, its shape and geometry, solar activity and cosmic ray variations is addressed. The global features of the heliosphere influence what happens inside its boundaries on a variety of time-scales. Galactic and anomalous cosmic rays are the messengers that convey vital information on global heliospheric changes in the manner that they respond to t...

A possible mechanism of solar variability influence upon the Earth’s climate is related to a link between the cosmic ray flux and cloudiness. Here we review evidences relating terrestrial climate variability to changes of cosmic ray flux in the Earth’s vicinity on different time scales. On daily scales, major Forbush decreases and solar energetic particle events can affect the cyclogenesis in s...

solar flare events of high importance were utilised to study solar latitudinal frequency distribution of the solar flares in northern and southern hemisphere for the solar cycle 22 to recent solar cycle 23. a statistical analysis was performed to obtain their relationship with sudden storm commencement (sscs) and forbush decrease events (fd) of cosmic ray intensity. an 11-year cyclic variation ...

We present annual 0.3–40 MeV nucleon 1 anomalous cosmic-ray (ACR) oxygen and helium energy spectra from the 1991–1999 cosmic-ray recovery phase of solar cycle 22. These observations were made with the Low Energy Charged Particle instruments aboard the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft while at helioradial positions ranging from 34 to 76 AU. The peak intensities of both species increased by 2 o...

The Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer, SAMPEX, will carry out energetic particle studies of outstanding scientific questions in the fields of space plasma physics, solar physics, magnetospheric and middle atmospheric physics, and cosmic ray physics. SAMPEX will measure the electron and ion composition of energetic particle populations from ~0.4 MeV/nucleon to hundreds of Me...