introduction: our aim was to compare the cost effectiveness of holmium laser prostate enucleation (holep) versus trans-urethral resection of prostate. methods:  we searched all available databases for any controlled trials comparing holep and turp from january 2000 to february 2009. two independent reviewers studied and appraised the selected evidences. then, effectiveness and cost effectivenes...

a 2-d heat conduction model has been solved by using the adomian decomposition method topredict the transient temperature and heat flux distribution in a thick solid that is irradiated by a laser source.the laser source may operate in a continuous wave (cw) mode or repeated pulse (rp) mode and may havearbitrary, spatial and temporal profiles.a generalized solution containing five-terms approxim...

In modern dentistry applications, two different types of laser occupy dominant positions: gas lasers and solid-state lasers. The first of these categories includes the Co2 laser (10 600 nm) and the argon laser (480 + 515 nm), while examples of the solid-state laser are the Nd:YAG (1064 nm), Er:YAG (2940 nm), Er:CrYSGG (2780 nm) and the diode laser (mainly 810 and 980 nm). As the name suggests, ...

We demonstrate a compact solid-state laser source for high-resolution two-photon spectroscopy of the 1S-2S transition in atomic hydrogen. The source emits up to 20 mW at 243 nm and consists of a 972 nm diode laser, a tapered amplifier, and two doubling stages. The diode laser is actively stabilized to a high-finesse cavity. We compare the new source to the stable 486 nm dye laser used in previo...

Solid-state lasers are typically limited by adverse thermal effects within the gain medium. In this Letter we describe a new method for dramatically reducing thermal effects in an end-pumped solid-state laser by incorporating a rotating intracavity periscope in the resonator to spatially separate the lasing and thermal processes. In contrast with previous examples of moving solid-state lasers, ...

Well-characterized solid-state laser materials are evaluated for performance in radiation balanced laser systems. New figures-of-merit are developed and applied to ytterbium doped materials. Superior performance is predicted for high cross section tungstate materials. Photothermal deflection experiments on samples of Yb doped KGd(WO4)2 confirm anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling. Observations of o...

The actual market volume of high-power lasers for manufacturing is dominated by diffusion cooled CO2 laser systems at the multi-kW range and lamp pumped Nd:YAG laser systems at the kW range. Substituting the lamps by diodes the Nd:YAG laser in rod design entered the market as diode pumped solid state laser of the first generation. With output powers up to 6 kW the diode pumped rod is used in in...

Laser diode arrays are critical components of any diode-pumped solid state laser systems, constraining their performance and reliability. Laser diode arrays (LDAs) are used as the pump source for energizing the solid state lasing media to generate an intense coherent laser beam with a high spatial and spectral quality. The solid state laser design and the characteristics of its lasing materials...

The use of laser desorption as a sample introduction method for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has been investigated in this research project. Three different types of analytical instruments, mass spectrometry (MS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and gas chromatography (GC) were employed as detectors. The coupling of laser desorption SPME to these three instruments was constructed and desc...