Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta E C O N O M I C R E V I E W First Quarter 2002 T he federal government created the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) to enhance the availability of mortgage credit by providing stability and liquidity to the secondary mortgage market. These government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) have b...

UNLABELLED In a novel 'zigzag motion' display, random dots made alternate long and short jumps, 10 mm downward and 1 mm to the right. The zigs and zags were either at right angles (differing by 90 degrees) or in opposite directions (180 degrees). RESULT The perceived direction of motion varied with the viewing distance or spatial scale. During close-up [or distant] viewing the display appeare...

Although monoallelic expression (MAE) is a frequent genomic event in normal tissues, its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here we carried out single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays on DNA and RNA from a large cohort of pediatric and adult brain tumor tissues to determine the genome-wide rate of MAE, its role in specific cancer-related genes, and the clinical consequences of MAE in brain tu...

The cadmium (Cd) contaminated rice fields in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand has been one of the major environmental problems in Thailand for the last 10 years. We used disability adjusted life years (DALYs) to estimate the burden of disease attributable to Cd in terms of additional DALYs of Mae Sot residents. Cd exposure data included Cd and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) in urine (as an in...

1015 From everyday experience, we intuitively know that visual attention enables us to select from a cluttered visual scene only those objects or events of immediate relevance. In the case of vision, it is well established that attention modulates neural activity in several areas within visual cortex1–3, including V1, the earliest cortical stage4–7. This attentional modulation seems to involve ...

Two moving random-pixel arrays (RPAs) were presented simultaneously in the same target field. These RPAs are perceived as two superimposed transparent moving sheets. Although two directions are perceived simultaneously during stimulus presentation, the movement aftereffect (MAE) is unidirectional. The visual system averages both motion signals in the MAE. For motion vectors of equal magnitude a...

Neurons release neuropeptides via the regulated exocytosis of dense core vesicles (DCVs) to evoke or modulate behaviors. We found that Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons send most of their DCVs to axons, leaving very few in the cell somas. How neurons maintain this skewed distribution and the extent to which it can be altered to control DCV numbers in axons or to drive release from somas for ...

BACKGROUND Automated detection and segmentation of somas in fluorescent images of neurons is a major goal in quantitative studies of neuronal networks, including applications of high-content-screenings where it is required to quantify multiple morphological properties of neurons. Despite recent advances in image processing targeted to neurobiological applications, existing algorithms of soma de...

Althoughmonoallelic expression (MAE) is a frequent genomic event in normal tissues, its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here we carried out single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays on DNA and RNA from a large cohort of pediatric and adult brain tumor tissues to determine the genome-wide rate of MAE, its role in specific cancer-related genes, and the clinical consequences ofMAE in brain tumo...

The motion aftereffect (MAE) describes an illusory motion in the opposite direction after the sudden halt of a prolonged moving visual stimulus. Behaviorally, this illusion was mostly analyzed in humans and other mammals. Up to now, birds were never tested. Since a new neural mechanism for the MAE was recently discovered in the pigeons' midbrain, the aim of this study was to investigate if pige...