JANUARY 2004 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | T he idea that the southern winds might be important to the rate of the deep water formation in the North Atlantic was first put forward by Toggweiler and Samuels (1995). They analyzed the results of a global circulation model (GCM) and showed that the rate of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation increased when the strength of the southern wi...

The natural variability of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) is analysed using a longterm integration of a coupled climate model. The variability is decomposed using a standard EOF analysis into three separate modes accounting for 68% and 82% of the total variance in the upper and lower CDW layers, respectively. The first mode exhibits an interbasin-scale variability on multi-centennial time scales,...

The spatial patterns, time history, and seasonality of African rainfall trends since 1950 are found to be deducible from the atmosphere’s response to the known variations of global sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The robustness of the oceanic impact is confirmed through the diagnosis of 80 separate 50-yr climate simulations across a suite of atmospheric general circulation models. Drying over ...

A synoptic, hydrographic data set comprising 32 full depth CTD casts and 2500 CTD/SeaSoar profiles to 500 m is used to describe the θ/S properties and circulation of Central Water east of the mid-Atlantic Ridge and between 39°N and 54°N. Eastward transport of 20 x 10 m s in the North Atlantic Current turns entirely northwards to the west of 54°N, 20°W. This transport consists in the upper layer...

the southern shores of caspian sea is subjected to several atmospheric factors due to its geographical position. north atlantic oscillation(nao) one of the effective phenomenon's affects the most part of hemisphere included caspian sea. in this research negative and positive phases of nao considered with variability of temperature and precipitation of southern shores of caspian sea in a 30...

in this article the relationship between the amount of seasonal rainfall (autumn, winter and spring) and climate indices in iran have been studied. the climate indices (the southern oscillation(soi),the north atlantic oscillation(nao), arctic oscillation(ao),nino 3/4,the multivariate enso index(mei),trans_ nino index(tni) and the pacific decadal oscillation(pdo) are used as independent variable...

SEPTEMBER 2014 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | precipitation amount is only the 18th highest of the analogue time series, showing that even if the atmospheric conditions were favorable to wet conditions over Southern Europe, they do not fully explain the exceptional character of the precipitation anomaly. We conjecture that a potential amplifying cause could be that the oceanic air masses car...

We present an analysis of climate change over southern South America as simulated by a regional climate model. The regional model MM5 was nested within timeslice global atmospheric model experiments conducted by the HadAM3H model. The simulations cover a 10-year period representing present-day climate (1981–1990) and two future scenarios for the SRESA2 and B2 emission scenarios for the period 2...

High-resolution oxygen and hydrogen isotope measurements were made on pore fluids from deep-sea sediments from sites in the North and South Atlantic. The data provide direct measurements of changes in the isotopic composition of bottom waters during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Results from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 981 in the North Atlantic, currently bathed in North Atlantic Deep W...

[1] The Silicic Acid Leakage Hypothesis (SALH) suggests that, during glacial periods, excess silicic acid was transported from the Southern Ocean to lower latitudes, which favored diatom production over coccolithophorid production and caused a drawdown of atmospheric CO2. Downcore records of Th-normalized opal fluxes and Pa/Th ratios from seven equatorial Atlantic cores were used to reconstruct...