Background: The aim was to evaluate the benefit of technical advances for treatment planning: introduction of a hydrogel spacer, VMAT (volumetric modulated arc therapy) and a single biological organ at risk objective for the rectum and bladder. Initial standard was a step-and-shoot IMRT (intensity modulated radiotherapy) without a spacer and conventional organ at risk objectives.  Material...

In this research, a kind of non-carbonized reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-cellulose nanofibers (CNF) film is constructed by combination filtration and chemical reduction. the hybrid, RGO enhances conductivity CNF, CNF as an idea spacer not only prevents stacking but also gives good mechanical properties including strength flexibility. The synergistic effect both endows with electrochemical storag...

Background: Masquelet technique involves two stages for reconstruction of bony defects. During stage one decontamination and debridement is performed. The bone defect filled by a spacer made cement. After gap around 6 weeks, bio-membrane established the cement spacer. two, removed cancellous autologous graft used to fill space that was previously occupied However, there huge scarcity literature...

Hydroxyapatite ceramics (HAp) have been used as bone graft materials, due to their excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Moreover, they had a wide range of porosity for using various bone defect parts. For example, HAp from 0 to 15 % porosity with high strength was useful as an ilium spacer, intervertebral spacer which requires high strength. HAp from 30 to 40% porosity was useful a...

I want to thank the editor for asking me to address the topic of the surgical management of postblepharoplasty lower eyelid retraction (PBLER). Thanks to the authors for sharing their work with Aesthetic Surgery Journal.1 Lower eyelid retraction following lower blepharoplasty has long been an important topic of interest to aesthetic surgeons, both in terms of its prevention and its treatment. G...

The authors report a case of an open mallet injury with a traumatic arthrotomy which was complicated with a destructive infection involving both the middle and distal phalanges of a ring digit and which was treated with two-stage reconstructive surgery with good results. In the first stage, after the osteomyelitic portion of adjacent phalangeal bones were excised en bloc, the dead space was fil...

The healing of critical sized segmental defects is an ongoing clinical problem. No method has achieved pre-eminence. The Masquelet technique is a relatively new innovation involving the induction of a fibrous tissue membrane around the bone defect site taking advantage of the body's foreign body reaction to the presence of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacer. The aim of this study was to inv...

Spacers are used in spiral wound and plate and frame membrane modules to create flow channels between adjacent membrane layers and mix fluid within the flow channel. Flow through the spacer has a significant beneficial impact on mixing and resulting mass transfer rates but is accompanied by an undesirable increase in pressure drop. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a common tool used to eva...

objective(s) in addition to several molecular methods and in particular 16s rdna analysis, the application of a more discriminatory genetic marker, i.e., 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer gene sequence has had a great impact on identification and classification of mycobacteria. in the current study we aimed to apply this sequencing power to conclusive identification of some iranian clinical s...