The enzyme enolase [EC 4.2.1.11] is found in all organisms, with vertebrates exhibiting tissue-specific isozymes encoded by three genes: alpha (alpha), beta (beta), and gamma (gamma) enolase. Limited taxonomic sampling of enolase has obscured the timing of gene duplication events. To help clarify the evolutionary history of the gene family, cDNAs were sequenced from six taxa representing major ...

Neuron-specific enolase-like and kallikrein-like immunoreactivity was found to be co-localized in the ductal elements of the submandibular gland and in the more distal portions of the nephron in the kidney of newborn lambs. Some glomerular peripolar cells in the kidney were immunopositive for neuron-specific enolase without detectable kallikrein-like immunoreactivity.

233 jected to PMF that uses matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/ time-of-flight mass spectrometry system (Voyager-Elite Biospec-trometry Workstation, Applied Biosystems) combined with sequence database searches (MS-fit) (fig. 2C) and partial amino acid sequenc-ing with automatic peptide sequencer (Model 492HT, Applied Bio-systems) after digesting the proteins on 2-DE gels with endoprote...

to membranes in brain and liver was similar to, but more marked than, that observed with Mg2.+ (Table 2). This can be explained on the basis of a possible interaction between cations and the negatively charged groups on the endoplasmic-reticulum membranes. Brain endoplasmic reticulum has considerably more phospholipid than liver, hence the requirement for spermine and Mg2+ may also be greater i...

Ninety-eight patients treated for breast carcinomas were followed from 54 to 75 months after primary diagnosis. All had undergone a modified radical mastectomy with removal of axillary lymph nodes. 36 breast carcinomas were NSE-positive and 62 were negative. NSE-positive tumours were significantly more frequently estrogen receptor-positive than the NSE-negative tumours, and the estrogen recepto...

The citrullination of enolase by PAD (peptidylarginine deiminase) has emerged as an important post-translational modification in human disorders; however, the physiological function of citrullination remains unknown. In the present study, we report that citrullination diversely regulates the biological functions of ENO1 (α-enolase) and NSE (neuron-specific enolase). We developed three mouse IgG...

In this report, we define a muscle-specific marker, beta-enolase, that distinguishes proliferating myoblasts from different stages of development. Enolase exists as multiple isoforms and in the course of cardiac and skeletal muscle development the beta isoform progressively replaces the alpha isoform. In skeletal muscle, this change in gene expression, unlike most developmental changes in myoge...

CLINICALCHEMISTRY, Vol. 34, No. 11, 1988 2375 trile, and applied the extract to a SepPak C18 cartridge (Waters Associates, Milford, MA) that had been washed sequentially with acetomtrile and water. To remove 24,25dihydroxy vitamin D, we washed the cartridge with water, then with methanol:water (7:3 by vol). 250HD was eluted with acetonitrile; the eluate was evaporated under nitrogen and the dri...