shiga toxin (stx) is the principal virulence factor of shigatoxigenic escherichia coli (stec), a food-born pathogen associated disease with uncomplicated diarrhea or the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. in this study, rabbit polyclonal anti recombinant a, b subunits of shiga toxin and holotoxin antisera were raised and employed for immunological purpose. by immunoblotting, these antisera recognized r...

nigella sativa (n. sativa), which belongs to the botanical family of ranunculaceae, is a widely used medicinal plant all over the world. n. sativa seeds and oil have been used in the treatment of different diseases. various studies on n. sativa have been carried out and a broad spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been established which include antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, ant...

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, produces a tripartite toxin composed of two enzymatically active subunits, lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF), which, when associated with a cell-binding component, protective antigen (PA), form lethal toxin and edema toxin, respectively. In this preliminary study, we characterized the toxin-specific antibody responses observed in 17 ind...

clostridium perfringens is a part of the microflora of soil, and many reports have revealed the widespread occurrence of this organism in raw and processed foods. c. perfringens is classified into five types (types a to e), depending upon their ability to express alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota toxins in this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for detection of...

The production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) was studied in batch and continuous culture of Staphylococcus aureus strain 1169 in a carbohydrate-free chemically defined medium (CDM). In continuous culture oxygen- and arginine-limitation were required for steady-state TSST-1 synthesis. Aeration suppressed toxin synthesis. The amount of TSST-1 per mg dry weight (specific toxin) at dilut...

Botulinum toxin (BoNT), being one of the most toxic substances known to mankind, due its unique mechanism action is used as an effective treatment for many diseases, including strabismus, blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm. BoNT has received particular use a long-acting analgesic ability inhibit exocytosis pain neuropeptides, CGRP, Substance P, modulate expression pain-related receptors TRPV1,...