The mass spectral detection of low vapor pressure, inorganic-based explosive signatures including ammonium nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate, sugar, and the constituents contained within black powder are reported using laser electrospray mass spectrometry. The ambient pressure mass spectrometry technique combining nonresonant, femtosecond laser vaporization with electrospray postionization reveale...

In this paper, we propose a new method of extracting a ne invariant texture signatures for content-based a ne invariant image retrieval (CBAIR). The algorithm discussed in this paper exploits the spectral signatures of texture images. Based on spectral representation of a ne transform, anisotropic scale invariant signatures of orientation spectrum distributions are extracted. Peaks distribution...

Current tree species classification algorithms often use high-resolution satellite data and are in many cases based on forest stands. The spectral bands of the sensors used for data acquisition are given and cannot be chosen regarding the needs of tree species classification. Furthermore distinction is often limited to deciduous trees, coniferous trees and other land use classes. Single tree ba...

Signatures from five remote sensing domains—spectral, spatial, angular, temporal and polarization—provide the basis for the description and discrimination of Earth surfaces and their variability. These signatures have been used for a wide range of terrestrial applications. In this chapter, we review the measurements, modelling and applications of these signatures with emphasis on recent advance...

A constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithm has been developed for use in multi-band mine detection. While it is often difficult to predict the spectral signatures of targets, the shape of the target may be known. This test exploits geometric target features and spectral differences between the target and the surrounding area. The algorithm is derived from a general statistical model of the da...

Hyperspectral instruments acquire electromagnetic energy scattered within their ground instantaneous field view in hundreds of spectral channels with high spectral resolution. Very often, however, owing to low spatial resolution of the scanner or to the presence of intimate mixtures (mixing of the materials at a very small scale) in the scene, the spectral vectors (collection of signals acquire...

A simulation method for approximating spectral signatures of minced meat samples was developed depending on concentrations and optical properties of the major chemical constituents. Minced beef samples of different compositions scanned on a near-infrared spectroscopy and on a hyperspectral imaging system were examined. Chemical composition determined heuristically and optical properties collect...

4 We present two new linear algorithms that perform unmixing in hyper-spectral 5 images and then recognize their targets whose spectral signatures are given. The 6 first algorithm is based on the ordered topology of spectral signatures. The second 7 algorithm is based on a linear decomposition in each pixel’s neighborhood. The sought 8 after target can occupy subor above pixel. These algorithms...

We present two new linear algorithms that perform unmixing in hyper-spectral images and then recognize their targets whose spectral signatures are given. The first algorithm is based on the ordered topology of spectral signatures. The second algorithm is based on a linear decomposition of each pixel's neighborhood. The sought after target can occupy subor above pixel. These algorithms combine i...

Spectral signatures represent complex physical and biophysical relationships. Consideration and documentation of potential variables affecting these signatures are essential in obtaining meaningful spectra. A lack of standardised procedures and metadata collection has limited the transfer of spectra from one application to another. Here we describe the design and implementation of a standard me...