e have developed a new spring force law which can be used in bead-spring chain models of the orm-like chain. The bead-spring chain has no bending potentials between the springs, and so iffers from the current models only in the functional form of the force law. This new model can ccurately represent a chain that contains many persistence lengths even if each spring represents nly a few persiste...

INTRODUCTION Within skeletal and cardiac muscle exists a molecular spring responsible for maintaining muscle structure, preventing stretch related damage, and contributing to the development of muscle force. This spring, called titin, has almost exclusively been associated with passive (elastic) force, that develops when muscles are stretched. However, more recent work has suggested there may b...

Determination of density of liquid Springs have wide applications in physics and engineering. In physics laboratories, the students are often asked to find out the value of the spring constant of a given spring. The method generally they follow is based on Hooke’s law. This law states that the extension (x) of a spring within its elastic limit is directly proportional to the force applied to it...

Series Elastic Actuators have linear springs intentionally placed in series between the motor and actuator output. The spring strain is measured to get an accurate estimate of force. Despite using a transmission to achieve high force/mass and high power/mass, the spring allows for good force control, high force fidelity, minimum impedance, and large dynamic range. A second order linear actuator...

UNLABELLED NiTi spring coils were used to obtain large deformation under a constant force. The device consists on a NiTi coil spring, superelastic at body temperature, in order to have a stress plateau during the austenitic retransformation during the unloading. The temperature variations induced changes in the spring force. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the...

We have analyzed the response of bead-spring chain models in strong elongational flow as the amount of polymer represented by a spring s changed. We examined the longest relaxation time of the chains which is used to quantify the strength of the flow in terms of a Weissenberg umber. A chain with linear springs can be used to predict the longest relaxation time of the nonlinear chains if the lin...

this paper presents a stable new algorithm for force/position control in robot manipulators. in this algorithm, position vectors are measured by sensors and then used in the control law. since using force sensor has some issues such as high costs and technical problems, an approach is presented to overcome these issues. in this respect, force sensor is replaced by an adaptive fuzzy estimator to...

Here, • m > 0 is the mass. • k > 0 is the spring constant and the spring force −ku(t) is modeled to be proportional to u(t) (i.e. Hooke’s law). The minus sign shows that it is always a restoring force which pulls the mass back towards the equilibrium. • γ ≥ 0 is the damping constant. The damping force may come from the medium (e.g. air, water, or honey), the spring or other sources. It has a mi...