Therapeutic bond, as a component of the alliance, is considered a common factor in psychotherapy; however, it may operate differently in various treatments. This article investigates therapist actions, particularly affect focus, in the formation of the bond and on reduction of symptoms in short-term dynamic psychotherapy (STDP) and cognitive therapy (CT) for cluster C patients. Forty-six cases ...

Recent experimental evidence has reported that the profiles of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in the CA1 pyramidal neuron can be classified into two types depending on the location along the stratum radiatum (SR) dendrite: (1) A symmetric STDP profile centered at 0 ms (largest LTP value) with two distinct LTD windows at about ±20ms in the proximal SR dendrite, and (2) an asymmetric on...

Spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) has been proposed as a mechanism for optimizing the tuning of neurons to sensory inputs, a process that underlies the formation of receptive field properties and associative memories. The properties of STDP must adjust during development to enable neurons to optimally tune their selectivity for environmental stimuli, but these changes are poorly understo...

A novel integrative learning architecture, RLSM with a STDP network is described. This architecture models symbol emergence in an autonomous agent engaged in reinforcement learning tasks. The architecture consists of two constitutional learning architectures: a reinforcement learning schema model (RLSM) and a spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) network. RLSM is an incremental modular reinf...

A phase response curve (PRC) characterizes the signal transduction between oscillators such as neurons on a fixed network in a minimal manner, while spike-timing-dependent plasiticity (STDP) characterizes the way of rewiring networks in an activity-dependent manner. This paper demonstrates that these two key properties both related to the interaction times of oscillators work synergetically to ...

Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) modifies the weight (or strength) of synaptic connections between neurons and is considered to be crucial for generating network structure. It has been observed in physiology that, in addition to spike timing, the weight update also depends on the current value of the weight. The functional implications of this feature are still largely unclear. Additive...

We used a model of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) based on calcium signaling to test the effects of correlated inputs on synaptic weight distributions. Gilson and Fukai (2011) used amplitudes for the STDP curve that depended on synaptic strength and demonstrated the emergence of stable bimodal weight distributions. Those sets of synapses with correlated inputs were more strongly poten...

We provide a mathematical method to determine the distribution of synaptic strengths formed by any types of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). This becomes possible by applying the theory of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process in determining the Fokker–Planck equation that characterizes the distribution. We verify our novel method by reproducing quantitative properties of STDP observed in previou...

In order to study roles of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) at the network level, we applied STDP to a model of the cortical recurrent network. We found that STDP brought self-organization of a bistable neural activity that is essential for the working memory function. Furthermore, our simulations showed that the typical two ring patterns during the persistent activity were achieved, wh...

We discuss effects of various experimentally supported STDP learning rules on frequency synchronization of two unidirectional coupled neurons systematically. First, we show that synchronization windows for all STDP rules cannot be enhanced compared to constant connection under the same model. Then, we explore the influence of learning parameters on synchronization window and find optimal parame...