Glucocorticoid steroids such as prednisone are prescribed for chronic muscle conditions such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where their use is associated with prolonged ambulation. The positive effects of chronic steroid treatment in muscular dystrophy are paradoxical because these steroids are also known to trigger muscle atrophy. Chronic steroid use usually involves once-daily dosing, althou...

One of the major adverse effects of topical glucocorticoids is cutaneous atrophy often followed by development of resistance to steroids (tachyphylaxis). Previously we showed that after two weeks, interfollicular mouse keratinocytes acquired resistance to anti-proliferative effects of glucocorticoid fluocinolone acetonide (FA). One of the top genes activated by FA during tachyphylaxis was Klk6 ...

Background: To determine the clinical profile and causes of various types secondary glaucoma.
 Materials methods : This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in tertiary eye hospital eastern Nepal from 1st June to 30th November, 2017. Patients who met criteria for glaucoma underwent detailed ophthalmic examination.
 Results Out 7079 patients diagnosed with or suspects, ...

Topical corticosteroids (TCs) have been the mainstay of treatment in eczematous and inflammatory skin diseases since the introduction of hydrocortisone in 1952. 1 TCs should not be used on the face except for acute inflammatory conditions and that too with caution and for not more than one month. 2 When used appropriately and in safe hands, it is of immense benefit with insignificant side effec...

Background Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) is a rapidly evolving and powerful diagnostic modality, which is gaining popularity for the evaluation and management of joint damage and soft tissue diseases in children with JIA. Several studies have shown that clinical examination underestimates the presence of intra-articular fluid when compared to US. US guided aspiration allows direct observation...

Irregular menstrual bleeding in users of hormonal contraception represents the single major reason for discontinuation of these contraceptive methods. The mechanisms which underlie these bleeding disturbances are poorly understood, but appear to be associated with changes in the endometrial microvasculature following abnormal patterns of sex steroid exposure. Endometrial microvascular density i...

Critical illness polyneuropathies (CIP) and myopathies (CIM) are common complications of critical illness. Several weakness syndromes are summarized under the term intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW). We propose a classification of different ICUAW forms (CIM, CIP, sepsis-induced, steroid-denervation myopathy) and pathophysiological mechanisms from clinical and animal model data. Trigg...

Two patients diagnosed as having small intestinal hyperplastic villous atrophy and being treated with a gluten free diet were investigated because of persistent watery diarrhoea. Both were found to have collagenous colitis. Previous reports of this condition have emphasised the presence of normal small intestinal mucosal architecture and the association of collagenous colitis with intestinal vi...

Atrophy and myopathy of skeletal muscles are wellknown side-effects of systemically-administered corticosteroids. As recently summarized in the journal (1], animal studies and clinical observations have shown that the respiratory muscles may be involved in this process. Administration of systemic corticosteroids in animals resul!ed in reduction in diaphragm weight in proportion to reductions in...