BACKGROUND To produce population-level, year- and age-specific risk estimates of first time nonmedical use of prescription stimulants among young people in the United States. METHODS Data are from the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health 2004-2012; a nationally representative probability sample survey administered each year. Subpopulations included youths aged 12 to 21 years (n=240,160) wh...

OBJECTIVES To explore the illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students and add to our understanding of reasons (motives) and routes of administration associated with illicit use of these drugs. METHODS A random sample of 4580 college students self-administered a Web-based survey. The survey contained a variety of items pertaining to the illicit use of prescription st...

A simple and rapid method for the determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine, and their 3,4-methylenedioxy derivatives in urine samples was developed using automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). In-tube SPME is an extraction technique for organic compounds in aqueous samples in which analy...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible association between untreated ADHD symptoms (as measured by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale) and persistent nonmedical use of prescription stimulants. METHOD Multinomial regression modeling was used to compare ADHD symptoms among three groups of college students enrolled in a longitudinal study over 4 years: (1) persistent nonmedical users of prescriptio...

Cellular stimulating factors on cell proliferation in the supernatants of chick embryo carcases and adult muscles were studied. There were plural stimulating factors in embryonic and adult muscular supernatants that promoted cell proliferation without any supplement of sera and other materials. Salting-out methods with ammonium sulfate, ethanol fractionation, and isoelectric precipitation were ...

OBJECTIVE Recently, a US Food and Drug Administration advisory committee raised concerns about cardiovascular risks and sudden death in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who are receiving stimulants. METHODS We comment on the risk of sudden death in children/adolescents taking stimulants compared with population rates, biological plausibility, and known ca...

It is estimated that 2-3% of children in the US have hypertension (HTN) and 8% of children ages 4-17 carry the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The prevalence of HTN and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in children with ADHD on CNS stimulant treatment (stimulants) compared to no treatment and compared to their healthy counterparts is not well described. Using Nation...

Prescription stimulants are often used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Drugs like methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), and dextroamphetamine-amphetamine (Adderall) help people with ADHD feel more focused. However, misuse of stimulants by ADHD and nonaffected individuals has dramatically increased over recent years based on students' misco...

Objective To present a case series of children retrialed on stimulants after initial poor stimulant responses given the paucity of information on the usefulness of this strategy. Methods Health records from an ADHD medication service were obtained for six children who: (i) were medication naïve at service entry; (ii) had trials of at least one stimulant from each stimulant class; (iii) subseq...

Recent evidence indicates that the illicit use of prescription stimulants such as Adderall and Ritalin is common across college campuses and in professions (e.g., trucking) where staying awake and focused is valued. Existing research has established use patterns and explored respondents' reasons for using these stimulants. Less is known, however, about whether or how well mainstream criminologi...