In this paper, vibration of the protein microtubule, one of the most important intracellular elements serving as one of the common components among nanotechnology, biotechnology and mechanics, is investigated using stress and strain gradient elasticity theory and orthotropic elastic shells model. Microtubules in the cell are influenced by internal and external stimulation and play a part in con...

We consider material bodies exhibiting a response function for free energy, which depends on both the strain and its gradient. Toupin–Mindlin’s gradient elasticity is characterized by Cauchy stress tensors, which are given by space-like Euler–Lagrange derivative of the free energy with respect to the strain. The present paper aims at developing a first version of gradient elasticity of non-Toup...

As there are different computational methods for simulating problems in generalized mechanics, we present simple applications and their closed-form solutions verifying a numerical implementation. For such benchmark, utilize these analytical examine three-dimensional simulations by the finite element method (FEM) using IsoGeometric Analysis (IGA) with aid of open source codes, called tIGAr, deve...

In the perspective of homogenization theory, strain-gradient elasticity is a strategy to describe overall behavior materials with coarse mesostructure. this approach, effect mesostructure described by use three tensors whose orders vary from 4 6. Higher-order constitutive make it possible rich physical phenomena. However, these objects have intricate algebraic structures that prevent us having ...

The principles of origami design have proven useful in a number technological applications. Origami tessellations particular constitute class morphing metamaterials with unusual geometric and elastic properties. Although inextensible principle, fine creases allow to effectively deform non-isometrically. Determining the strains that are compatible coarse-grained kinematics as well corresponding ...