It has been proposed that switch costs in task switching reflect the strengthening of task-related associations and that strengthening is triggered by response execution. The present study tested the hypothesis that only task-related responses are able to trigger strengthening. Effects of task strengthening caused by error corrections were considered. Recent findings suggest that errors lead to...

OBJECTIVE The current Australian Physical Activity Guidelines recommend that adults engage in regular muscle-strengthening activity (e.g. strength or resistance training). However, public health surveillance studies describing the patterns and trends of population-level muscle-strengthening activity participation are sparse. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence, trends and sociode...

Research demonstrates a positive effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive functioning in older adults. Unfortunately, aerobic exercise is often contraindicated for older adults due to cardiovascular and functional limitations. Low-intensity strengthening exercise may offer a practical alternative, but the neuropsychological benefits and potential neurophysiological mechanisms are less well under...

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of posterolateral hip muscle strengthening versus quadriceps strengthening in reducing pain and improving health status in persons with patellofemoral pain (PFP). DESIGN Comparative control trial. SETTING Rehabilitation facility. PARTICIPANTS Persons with a diagnosis of PFP (N=36; 18 men, 18 women). INTERVENTIONS Patients were alternately assigned to a ...

This paper takes a closer look at behavioral subtyping in the context of concurrency, by considering an example of subtyping of a concurrent datastructure taken from sensor networks. Akin to the extension of a state-machine, this example illustrates conflicts caused by the interference of concurrency and inheritance. In short, the extension consists in declaring additional fields in a subclass,...

We introduce a natural strengthening of prompt simplicity which we call strong promptness, and study its relationship with existing lowness classes. This notion provides a ≤wtt version of superlow cuppability. We show that every strongly prompt c.e. set is superlow cuppable. Unfortunately, strong promptness is not a Turing degree notion, and so cannot characterize the sets which are superlow cu...

The number of bits in a cryptographic one-way hash value is usually selected so that brute-force search for a second pre-image is impossible. Sometimes, application requirements force one to use shorter and, thus, weaker hash values. Over years, increases in the attacker’s computational capacity will render any protocol that depends on such hashes insecure. In this paper, we present a simple te...

It is increasingly recognized that stronger health systems are needed to deliver health care interventions at the scale necessary to achieve and sustain healthrelated Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially in Africa (1, 2). This is evident in the growing willingness of two of the largest global health initiatives, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, and the Global ...