Restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS), a compound stress model, includes both psychological and physical stimulation. Studies have shown that neurons in the hypothalamus are involved in RWIS, but the role of astrocytes and the interactions between astrocytes and neurons in RWIS are not clear. Here, we tested our hypothesis that hypothalamus astrocytes are involved in RWIS and interact with ne...

Aim: To investigate the protective effect of sildenafil citrate, a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase, on gastric mucosal damage induced by cold restraint stress (CRS) in rats. Further, the study was extended to investigate some possible mechanisms underlying this effect. Material and Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Normal c...

The synthetic activity of rat gastric sulfated glycoproteins (SGP) in vitro was investigated at various time intervals after water immersion stress using 35S-sulfate as a precursor. More than 90 percent of the total radioactivity was incorporated into mucosal SGP, and the rest was incorporated into glycosaminoglycans in the gastric muscular layer. The incorporation of 35S-sulfate into SGP incre...

inflammatory condition is the consequence of defensive mechanism of immune system against viral and bacterial infection, tissue injury, uv radiation, stress and etc. persistently acute inflammation leads to chronic phase which is characterized by production of pro-inflammatory mediators from t cells. these molecules (e.g. il-6, tnf-α, il-1β and il-17) are mostly pleiotropic cytokines involved i...

Gastric ulcer is a multifaceted, pluricausal illness. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of gastric ulcer disease remains incomplete. Current pharmacological management of gastric ulceration is directed primarily at the reduction or neutralization of gastric acid secretion despite evidence that patients with this disease often exhibit normal gastric secretory activity. Attempts have been made to ...

Recent research showed the involvement of prostaglandin E receptor subtype 4 (EP4) in hypersensitivity to inflammatory pain and suggested that the EP4 receptor is a potential target for the pharmacological treatment of inflammatory pain. We examined the effects of (S)-4-(1-(5-chloro-2-(4-fluorophenyoxy) benzamido)ethyl) benzoic acid (CJ-42794), a selective EP4 antagonist, on gastrointestinal ul...

UNLABELLED Recent studies have shown that stimulation of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor reduces the area of ischemic myocardial necrosis and affects activity of the digestive tract. The aim of the present study was to check whether the administration of CB1 receptor agonist or antagonist affects the stress-induced gastric ulceration and development of edematous pancreatitis. METHODS Experiments...

Gastric microcirculation plays an important role in the maintenance of the mucosal gastric integrity and the mechanism of injury as well as providing protection to the gastric mucosa. Disturbances in the blood perfusion, through the microcapillaries within the gastric mucosa may result in the formation of mucosal damage. Acute gastric mucosal lesions constitute an important clinical problem. Or...

The effect of different doses of melatonin or aqueous Tulsi (Holy Basil) leaf homogenate (TLH) was studied against piroxicam-induced gastric ulceration in rats. Melatonin or TLH was found to protect the gastric mucosa individually following piroxicam treatment. Pre-treatment of rats with increasing doses of melatonin or TLH decreased the piroxicam-induced oxidative stress in the gastric tissue....

Vanillin is commonly used as an additive in food, medicine and cosmetics, but its effect has not yet been studied in gastric injury. Therefore the effect of vanillin was studied in experimental gastric ulcer. Gastric secretion and acidity were studied in pylorus ligated rats. Ulcer index, levels of gastric mucus, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), expression of nuclear facto...