The present work provides original measurements of the burnout heat flux in saturated ethanol-water mixtures, over the full range of concentrations. These data were obtained at atmospheric pressure on horizontal cylinders, ranging from 0.51 to 2.16 mm in diameter. They reveal significant improvements of the peak heat flux for mixtures, over that which would be expected from pure fluids with the...

BACKGROUND Dual extraction, high-temperature extraction, mixture extraction, and oleyl alcohol extraction have been proposed in the literature for acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) production. However, energy and economic evaluation under similar assumptions of extraction-based separation systems are necessary. Hence, the new process proposed in this work, direct steam distillation (DSD), for...

INTRODUCTION Structured packings of the corrugated sheet type have become increasingly popular for the application in distillation and absorption columns, due to their very good performance characteristics. Commonly, at suband near-atmospheric pressures, structured packings outperform random packings and trays in capacity and/or separation efficiency (see, e.g., Kurtz et al., 1991; Brunazzi, E....

In positive systems inputs, state variables and outputs take only non-negative values. Examples of positive systems are industrial processes involving chemical reactors, heat exchangers and distillation columns, storage systems, compartmental systems, water and atmospheric pollution models. Positive linear systems are defined on cones and not on linear spaces. Therefore, the theory of positive ...

Technologies to collect and reuse sulfuric acid waste is attracting attention to reduce industrial waste in semiconductor manufacturing plants. Reusing sulfuric acid has a high economic value. By using sulfuric acid recycling equipment based on an atmospheric distillation method, we evaluated the recovery percentage of sulfuric acid, the concentration and quality of recycled sulfuric acid, and ...

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has the potential to be a valuable transient racer for dating of young ground water. However, near urban areas, there are typically numerous point sources of SF6 which have a significant impact on the temporal evolution of its atmospheric mixing ratio, thereby complicating its use as an age-dating tool. Here, we present and discuss a 12-month record of atmospheric SF6 ...

Detailed analyses of the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration measurements from Mauna Loa Observatory have produced a model which describes most of the variability in the data. The final model is y(t) = a + de "t + •_•,_-•ø'Aisin[(2•r/Ti)(t + 1⁄2,)] + •j=•ø'Fj sin[(2•r/rj)(t + Oj)], where ais the preindustrial value, a is the exponential ong-term growth rate, i represents the annual cycle a...