To examine the effectiveness of a short-term behavioral treatment of encopresis, 52 encopretic children were evaluated and treated according to a standardized protocol. The treatment was highly effective, with a significant decrease in soiling during the first month (P < 0.01). Of the children who began treatment, 84.6% successfully reached the criterion of 2 consecutive weeks with no soiling a...

Encopresis or faecal soiling has been defined as an act of involuntary defecation which is not directly attributed to organic illness (Kanner, 1950). Encopresis or soiling may occur in children with normal intelligence, brain damaged children and psychotic children. It denotes an uncontrolled defecation of an emotional origin. Presently, there are few reports of successful treatment by means of...

A solar reflector soiling study was carried out at a ferromanganese smelter in South Africa to assess the rates different locations around plant. Several meteorological parameters were monitored give insight into conditions that lead increased soiling. Mineralogical characterization of dust samples collected from reflectors and atmosphere revealed only certain size fraction is importance with r...

Application of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and subsoiling under the row in Tifton sandy loam heavily infested with Meloidogyne incognita increased yields of four soybean cultivars. These cultivars have levels of resistance to M. incognita as follows: 'Hutton', high; 'Essex', intermediate; and 'Davis' and 'Ransom', low. After growing these four cultivars, sub-soiling, and applying DBCP fo...

A field study was conducted to assess the effects of soil tillage practices and straw management on soil CO2, and yield-scaled CO2 emissions in a rain-fed summer corn field on the Loess Plateau. Tillage treatments consisted of sub-soiling tillage (CP), no tillage (NT) and moldboard plow tillage (CT). Wheat straw was removed from half of the CP, NT and CT plots after harvest, allowing us to test...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of isolated urinary and fecal incontinence and double incontinence in community-living stroke survivors and to assess the degree of soiling. DESIGN Community-based postal survey. SETTING Leicestershire, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-four thousand seven hundred forty-nine community-dwelling residents (aged > or = 40) were randomly selected from...

Although challenging at times, managing cats with elimination issues can be rewarding. The frustration in management of these cases is often a result of the lack of a proper diagnosis and random treatment application. A systematic approach to these cases should help to achieve treatment success. Also, new information should lead to further advancements in treatment.