The effect of superfused serotonin (5-HT; 50 microns) on the synaptic responses of the lateral giant (LG) interneuron in crayfish was found to depend on the social status of the animal. In socially isolated animals. 5-HT persistently increased the response of LG to sensory nerve shock. After social isolates were paired in a small cage, they fought and determined their dominant and subordinate s...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare brain activation associated with basic-level (e.g., BIRD) and subordinate-level (e.g., EAGLE) processing for both visual and semantic judgments. We localized the putative face area for eleven subjects, who also performed visual matching judgments for pictures and aurally-presented words. The middle fusiform and occipital gyri were recrui...

This study investigated the nature of the relationships between leader reward and punishment behaviors and subordinate performance and satisfaction. Only performance-contingent reward behavior was found to affect subordinate performance significantly. Positive relationships were found between leader contingent reward behavior and employee satisfaction. Contingent punishment had no effects on su...

Testing whether and how subordinate individuals differ from dominants in the utilization of enriched CO2 atmospheres is important for understanding future stand and community structure. We hypothesized that subordinate and dominant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae) (common ragweed) plants growing in dense stands would not equally acquire or utilize carbon gains from CO2-enrichment, and th...

The focus of this research is on the relationships between leader-member exchange (LMX), supportive supervisor communication (SSC), and subordinate job performance. It was predicted that the relationship between subordinate ratings of LMX quality and supervisor ratings of subordinate performance would be mediated by subordinate ratings of SSC. Specifically, it was hypothesized that LMX would di...

Let $p$ be an analytic function defined on the open unit disc $mathbb{D}$ with $p(0)=1.$ The conditions on $alpha$ and $beta$ are derived for $p(z)$ to be subordinate to $1+4z/3+2z^{2}/3=:varphi_{C}(z)$ when $(1-alpha)p(z)+alpha p^{2}(z)+beta zp'(z)/p(z)$ is subordinate to $e^{z}$. Similar problems were investigated for $p(z)$ to lie in a region bounded by lemniscate of Bernoulli $|w^{2}-1|=1$ ...