In recent years, the extremely limited value of traditional indexes for substructure searching has become well recognized, As a result, considerable research effort has been financed for substructure search systems. However, with few exceptions, this research effort has been aimed at developing computer systems, even though most chemists do not have immediate access to computers. Manual substru...

Due to its popularity and high crack sensitivity, 6061 aluminum alloy was selected as a test material for the newly developed double-sided arc welding (DSAW) process. The microstructure, crack sensitivity, and porosity of DSAW weldments were studied systematically. The percentage of fine equiaxed grains in the fully penetrated welds is greatly increased. Residual stresses are reduced. Porosity ...

We propose the novel method of “gravitational imaging” to detect and quantify luminous and dark-matter substructure in gravitational-lens galaxies. The method utilizes highly-magnified Einstein rings and arcs as sensitive probes of small perturbations in the lens potential (due to the presence of mass substructure), reconstructing the gravitational lens potential non-parametrically. Numerical s...

An approach for molecular similarity/substructure searching based on structural hierarchy matching is proposed. In this approach, small molecules are divided into two categories, acyclic and cyclic forms. The latter are further divided into three structural hierarchies, namely, framework, complicated-, and mono-rings. During searching, the similarity coefficients of a structural query and each ...

This study focuses on the effects of elevated building substructure porosity on the accumulation of drifting snow. We conducted wind tunnel experiments of the snowdrift accumulation and numerical simulations to determine the flow field around a prototypical elevated building (based on the Martin A. Pomerantz Observatory or MAPO) with varying substructure porosity. We found that the total drift ...

In the past decade, surveys of the stellar component of the Galaxy have revealed a number of streams from tidally disrupted dwarf galaxies and globular clusters. Simulations of hierarchical structure formation in ΛCDM cosmologies predict that the dark matter halo of a galaxy like the Milky Way contains hundreds of subhalos with masses of ∼ 10 M⊙ and greater, and it has been suggested that the e...

Recent years have seen a series of large-scale photometric surveys with the aim of detecting substructure in nearby dwarf galaxies. Some of these objects display a varying distribution of each stellar population, reflecting their star formation histories. Also, dwarf galaxies are dominated by dark matter, therefore luminous substructure may represent a perturbation in the underlying dark materi...