Abstract COVID-19 hit firms by surprise. In a high frequency, representative panel of German firms, the business outlook declined and uncertainty increased only at time when spread pandemic led to domestic policy changes: The announcement nation-wide school closures on March 13 was followed largest change in perceptions far. contrast, data provides no evidence for relevance other potential sour...

Recent international macroeconomics literature on sudden stops faces a puzzling ambiguity. Using essentially the same basic small, open economy model with collateral constraints, some studies successfully predict the empirically observed link between sudden stops and output drops, while others get the opposite result where sudden stops lead to increases in output. In this paper we resolve this ...

Many observations in the dynamics of pedestrian crowds, including various self-organization phenomena, have been successfully described by simple many-particle models. For ethical reasons, however, there is a serious lack of experimental data regarding crowd panic. Therefore, we have analyzed video recordings of the crowd disaster in Mina/Makkah during the Hajj in 1426H on January 12, 2006. The...

Many observations of the dynamics of pedestrian crowds, including various self-organization phenomena, have been successfully described by simple many-particle models. For ethical reasons, however, there is a serious lack of experimental data regarding crowd panic. Therefore, we have analyzed video recordings of the crowd disaster in Mina/Makkah during the Hajj in 1426H on 12 January 2006. They...

During the last few years there has been a renewed analysis in currency unions as form of monetary arrangement. This new interest largely triggered by Euro experience. Scholars and policy makers have asked about optimal number currencies world economy. They analyzed whether different countries satisfy traditional “optimal area” criteria. These include: (a) synchronization business cycle; (b) de...

Stop-&-Go waves also known as traffic oscillations are the conditions characterized by sudden braking followed by acceleration. This leads to an increase in fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, safety risks increased heart rate and blood pressure level of drivers. It causes discomfort, delays and frustration to the driver thus making them to avoid travelling in such conditions. This paper will test...

UNLABELLED Almost half of the child population is involuntarily exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The ETS exposure gives rise to an excessive risk of several diseases in infancy and childhood, including sudden infant death syndrome, upper and lower respiratory infections, asthma and middle ear diseases. It is also linked to cancer, and behavioural problems and neurocognitive deficit...

When drivers are approaching a signalized intersection at the onset of a yellow change interval, they must decide whether to stop or cross the intersection. This can be a difficult decision when the vehicle is located within the dilemma zone and the result is sometimes a rear-end crash due to a sudden stop. This paper presented a new pavement-marking countermeasure which purpose is to reduce th...