The oxidation of SO2 to sulfate is a key reaction in determining the role of sulfate in the environment through its effect on aerosol size distribution and composition. Sulfur isotope analysis has been used to investigate sources and chemical processes of sulfur dioxide and sulfate in the atmosphere, however interpretation of measured sulfur isotope ratios is challenging due to a lack of reliab...

S-2 (3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioate ameliorates hearing losses due to ototoxic doses of kanamycin sulfate in the guinea pig when administered one hour before the antibiotic. Since this radioprotectant is believed to operate as a free-radical scavenger, kanamycin ototoxicity may involve free radicals.

3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (MCI-186; edaravone), a novel free radical scavenger, is used for the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. After marketing, a few cases of acute renal failure were reported in patients following treatment with this drug. Because edaravone is mainly excreted into the urine following conjugation to glucuronide or sulfate, the renal excretion mechanisms of ed...

Jeju ground water, containing vanadium compounds, was shown to increase glutathione (GSH) levels as determined by a colorimetric assay and confocal microscopy. To investigate whether the effects of Jeju ground water on GSH were specifically mediated by vanadium compounds, human Chang liver cells were incubated for 10 passages in media containing deionized distilled water (DDW), Jeju ground wate...

As hydroxylated benzophenones (HBPs) represent most typical UV filters and stabilizers, increasing release of HBPs into the aquatic environment has caused serious threats to ecology. Among various HBPs, 4,4?-Dihydroxybenzophenone (4HBP) receives growing attentions as an emerging contaminant due its potential toxicity endocrine disrupting effect. For establishing useful techniques remove 4HBP fr...

Hypochlorous acid and its conjugate base, hypochlorite ions, produced under inflammatory conditions, may produce chloramides of glycosaminoglycans, these being significant components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This may occur through the binding of myeloperoxidase directly to the glycosaminoglycans. The N-Cl group in the chloramides is a potential selective target for both reducing and o...

Abstract. Sulfate is one of the main components haze fine particles, and its formation mechanism remains controversial. A lack detailed comprehensive field data hinders accurate evaluation relative roles prevailing sulfate pathways. Here, we analyzed production rates using a state-of-the-art multiphase model constrained to observed concentrations transition metal, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, hydro...

The degradation of the AB1 dye by electro-generated species using a BDD electrode was performed. The results were explained by the generation of OH radical, S2O8 in the presence of sulfate, and active halide species in the presence of halide salt. The discoloration rate increases in this order: sulfate, KCl, KBr. In the presence of KCl, the discoloration is affected by the current density, init...

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) are components of the extracellular matrix through which axons navigate to reach their targets. The heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of HSPGs show complex and differentially regulated patterns of secondary modifications, including sulfations of distinct hydroxyl groups and epimerization of an asymmetric carbon atom. These modifications endow the HSPG-contain...