We report the first chemoenzymatic synthesis of the stable isotope-enriched heparin from a uniformly labeled [(13)C,(15)N]N-acetylheparosan (-GlcA(1,4)GlcNAc-) prepared from E. coli K5. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) precursors and heparin were formed from N-acetylheparosan by the following steps: chemical N-deacetylation and N-sulfonation leading to N-sulfoheparosan (-GlcA(1,4)GlcNS-); enzyme-catalyz...

We report the sulfonation of surface-initiated polynorbornene with acetyl sulfate to produce ultrathin ionomer films. The complete process consists of exposure of a hydroxyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold to a norbornenyl diacid chloride, attachment of Grubbs first generation catalyst, ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), and sulfonation. Structural and chemical cha...

Herein, we report the phase inversion of ionomer-stabilized emulsions to form high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) induced by salt concentration and pH changes. The ionomers are sulfonated polystyrenes (SPSs) with different sulfonation degrees. The emulsion types were determined by conductivity measurements, confocal microscopy and optical microscopy, and the formation of HIPE organogels was v...

Synthetic methods to obtain selectively sulfonated metallo phthalocyanines are compared. Both condensation and direct sulfonation procedures lead to mixtures of monoto tetrasulfonated products which are resolved by reverse phase liquid chromatography in buffered aqueous-methanol. The proportion of sulfonated derivatives is examined as a function of the starting reagents in the case of the conde...

The production of MFC and CNF has recently been focused on fiber raw materials which, still contain residual lignin instead bleached chemical pulp fibers. target this study was to assess the energy consumption microfibrillation rate for high containing microfibrillated cellulose (LMFC) produced from non-delignified pine spruce sawdust directly or after lignin-preserving sulfonation, evaluate th...

Monoamine neurotransmitters are among the hundreds of signaling small molecules whose target interactions are switched "on" and "off" via transfer of the sulfuryl-moiety (-SO3) from PAPS (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate) to the hydroxyls and amines of their scaffolds. These transfer reactions are catalyzed by a small family of broad-specificity enzymes-the human cytosolic sulfotransferase...