We examine the eccentricity evolution of a system of two planets locked in a mean motion resonance, in which the outer planet loses energy and angular momentum. The sink of energy and angular momentum could be either a gas or planetesimal disk. We show that the eccentricity of both planetary bodies can grow to large values, particularly if the inner body does not directly exchange energy or ang...

A concept related to the spectrum of a graph is that of energy. The energy E(G) of a graph G is equal to the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of G . The Laplacian energy of a graph G is equal to the sum of distances of the Laplacian eigenvalues of G and the average degree d(G) of G. In this paper we introduce the concept of Laplacian energy of fuzzy graphs. ...

Let G = (V,E) be a simple connected graph. The eccentric-distance sum of G is defined as ξ(G) = ∑ {u,v}⊆V (G) [e(u) + e(v)]d(u, v), where e(u) is the eccentricity of the vertex u in G and d(u, v) is the distance between u and v. In this paper, we establish formulae to calculate the eccentric-distance sum for some graphs, namely wheel, star, broom, lollipop, double star, friendship, multi-star g...

Owing to the difficulty of direct observation, mergers of intermediate-mass black hole binaries are relatively less understood compared to stellar-mass binaries; however, the gravitational waves from their last few orbits and ringdown fall in the band of ground-based detectors. Because the typical source is expected to circularize prior to entering LIGO or VIRGO’s range, inspiral searches conce...

in this study, the effective parameters on the inelastic response of asymmetric buildings is evaluated for an ensemble of real iranian earthquake records by considering soil-structure interaction. then, the design eccentricity obtained from the inelastic dynamic soil-structure analysis is compared with the design eccentricity of seisimic codes of iran, atc-3, new zeland, canada, mexico, austral...

Abstract. In this paper the idea of sum distance which is a metric, in a fuzzy graph is introduced. The concepts of eccentricity, radius, diameter, center and self centered fuzzy graphs are studied using this metric. Some properties of eccentric nodes, peripheral nodes and central nodes are obtained. A characterization of self centered complete fuzzy graph is obtained and conditions under which...

• Introduce several new distance-based global and local functions based the smallest distance which are related to eccentricity, center, sum of eccentricities in graphs trees. The values acompared with some sharp bounds established. difference between eccentricity uniformity behaves a very similar way as itself. Motivated from study trees, we introduce on vertex leaf (called “uniformity” at tha...

Abstract: Let G = (VG, EG) be a simple connected graph. The eccentric distance sum of G is defined as ξ(G) = ∑ v∈VG εG(v)DG(v), where εG(v) is the eccentricity of the vertex v and DG(v) = ∑ u∈VG dG(u, v) is the sum of all distances from the vertex v. In this paper the tree among n-vertex trees with domination number γ having the minimal eccentric distance sum is determined and the tree among n-...

We measured the relative contribution of rods and cones to luminance across a range of photopic, mesopic, and scotopic adaptation levels and at various retinal eccentricities. We isolated the luminance channel by setting motion-based luminance nulls (minimum motion photometry) using annular stimuli. Luminance nulls between differently colored stimuli require equality in a weighted sum of rod an...