purpose: to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin-a (bta) injection into the inferior oblique (io) muscle in releaving the symptoms of superior oblique (so) palsy. methods: the study was conducted on patients who were referred for acquired so palsy with less than 2 years of duration. about 10-20 unit of bta was injected into the belly of the inferior oblique muscle through the inferotemporal q...

Background: In 1991, Wright described a superior oblique expander procedure for browns syndrome and superior overaction with good results. Originally, this procedure has been performed with silicone band expander. The aim of this study was to report the results of treatment of a series of patients with Apattern strabismus associated with overacting superior oblique muscle using the fascia lata ...

W e read the published article entitled " An anatomical study of the inferior oblique muscle with emphasis on its nerve entry " by Kumar et al. (1) This study described the entry of the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve to the inferior oblique muscle and the topographical anatomy of the muscle. We would like to take this opportunity to share some important scientific facts. We agree wit...

PURPOSE To investigate the degree of reunion in rabbit eyes of the superior oblique tendon after several surgical weakening procedures. METHODS A total of 32 rabbits (64 eyes) were used in this study. The rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups, eight rabbits (16 eyes) in the tenotomy group, eight rabbits (16 eyes) in the tenectomy group, eight rabbits (16 eyes) in the disinsertion grou...

Recession of the superior oblique was performed bilaterally in 12 patients with the A phenomenon and unilaterally in four patients with vertical imbalance. The results are discussed.

Purpose To investigate changes in volumes of extraocular muscle (EOM) compartments in unilateral superior oblique (SO) palsy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods High-resolution, surface-coil MRI was obtained in 19 patients with unilateral SO palsy and 19 age-matched orthotropic control subjects. Rectus EOMs and the SO were divided into two anatomic compartments for volume analysis...