Figure 1 Photographs (A; case 1 and B; case 2) and illustrations of Figure 1A (C) and Figure 1B (D) showing double superior vena cava: right connected to right atrium and left to the coronary sinus. pLSVC: persistent left superior vena cava; RSVC; right superior vena cava; CS: coronary sinus; LV: left ventricle; RA: right atrium; AA ascending aorta; IVC: inferior vena cava. In both cases, the v...

Persistent left superior vena cava is the most common form of anomalous venous drainage involving the superior vena cava, and represents persistence of the left horn of the embryonic sinus venosus, which normally involutes during normal development to become the coronary sinus. Almost always, a persistent left superior vena cava enters the right atrium through the orifice of an enlarged coronar...

Venous aneurysms arising from the mediastinal systemic veins are rare. There are only 27 reported cases of such aneurysms. Majority arise from the superior vena cava. We are reporting a saccular aneurysm of superior vena cava in a 58-year-old male. The chest radiogram suggested superior mediastinal mass and the computed tomogram was suggestive of aortic arch aneurysm. Aortography and venography...

The benefits of a baffle fenestration in essentially high-risk Fontan patients have been demonstrated. Described here is the use of a new fenestration between the left atrial appendage and the left superior vena cava after Kawashima operation in a patient with a double-outlet right ventricle with hypoplastic left ventricle, left atrial isomerism, bilateral superior vena cavae with no bridging v...

The superior left vena cava with the absent superior vena cava is a rare abnormality, especially when associated with total heart block. We report a case of a patient in which the presence of superior left vena cava and the absence of the superior vena cava was detected during the implantation of a pacemaker for the correction of a total heart block, which led us to use a different technique fo...

The majority of patients requiring pacemakers are paced using a transvenous electrode. Difficulties may be encountered in passing the electrode wire into the heart because of anomalous venous return. Probably the most frequent anomaly is a persistent left superior vena cava and the rarest is absence of the right superior vena cava (Winter, 1954; Hudson, I965; Sherman, I963). Recent case reports...

Left atrial reduction is a surgical technique that has been proposed for eliminating chronic atrial fibrillation associated with mitral valve disease. A potential complication of the technique is the unnoticed rotation of the heart while the left atrium is anastomosed. Such an event makes it impossible to reconstruct the superior vena cava, leading to superior vena cava syndrome due to the rota...

Filling defects are often observed on 99mTc sulfur colloid liver scans. Hot spots are much less frequently seen. Superior vena cava syndrome is the most frequent cause of this finding. In this report 3 patients with S.V.C and budd - Chiari syndrome with HOT SPOT on liver scan are presented. Mechanisms of scintigraphic patterns are reviewed.

1. Minniti S, Vincentini S, Procacci C. Congenital anomalies of the venae cavae: embryological origin, imaging features and report of three new variants. Eur Radiol 2002; 12: 2040–2055. 2. Nsah EN, Moore GW, Hutchins GM. Pathogenesis of persistent left superior vena cava with a coronary sinus connection. Pediatr Pathol 1991; 11: 261–269. 3. Pasquini L, Belmar C, Seale A, Gardiner HM. Prenatal d...