Networks C. A. Schweiger and C. A. Floudas1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-5263, USA Abstract{The synthesis of optimal reactor networks using a superstructure based approach is considered. The fundamental units in the superstructure are the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a cross ow reactor (CFR). The mathematical modeling leads to an op...

The objective of this contribution is to propose a multilevel-hierarchical approach to the MINLP synthesis of process flowsheets. Following a hierarchical strategy, the designer can postulate the superstructure at different levels of representation of flowsheet alternatives and model it at the corresponding level of aggregation and complexity. By the use of the prcscrcening procedure the supers...

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bridge systems are gaining wide acceptance among bridge engineers. At the same time, FRP bridge systems are relatively expensive when compared to traditional reinforced concrete bridge systems. In this study, the concept of the hybrid FRP-concrete structural systems is applied to a bridge superstructure. The hybrid FRP-concrete superstructure system is intended to...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with high density and uniformity of nanogaps are proven to enhance the reproducibility and sensitivity of the Raman signal. Up to now, the syntheses of a highly ordered gold or silver superstructure with a controllable nanoparticle size and a well-defined particle gap have been quite limited. Here, we reported an ordered mesoporous silver supe...

We describe methodology for producing highly uniform, ordered and reproducible superstructures of surfactant-coated ZnS nanorod and nanowire assemblies, and propose a predictive multiscale "packing model" for superstructure formation based on electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction data on the superstructure, as well as on individual components of the nanostructured system. The studied...

With predefined schedule, this paper presents a mathematical formulation for synthesis of water-using networks in batch plants with a central reservoir for targeting freshwater consumption. A superstructure that considers all water reuse/recycle possibilities is presented for modeling the time-dependent water-using network. The proposed superstructure-based representation for synthesis of batch...

The optimal synthesis and design of thermal power plants is best addressed using mathematical optimization techniques. However, conventional optimization methods require the user to manually define a priori the potential solution space through the modeling of a superstructure, which is a timeconsuming, complex, and error-prone task. More importantly, the final superstructure model can not guara...

The article considers peculiarities of operation and monitoring low-level bridges which are found on highways regional, intermunicipal, local significance. vibrations the bridge superstructure considered in detail taking into account its interaction with other elements structure environment. It is proposed to use natural frequency vibration as a characteristic, change takes condition structure.

Crystals, free from twinning, ofthe monoclinic phase oftricalcium silicate exhibiting superstructure reflections have been obtained. Crystal data are: a = 33.083(8), b = 7.027(2), e = 18.499(4) A, f3 = 94.12(2)°, Z = 36 x CaZ.89Mgo.ll0Si04, V = 4289 A3. The structure analysis was carried out using 3886 independent reflection intensities measured on a single-crystal diffractometer. The unit cell...