Perceptual learning of motion direction discrimination is generally thought to rely on the middle temporal area of the brain (MT/V5). A recent study investigating learning of motion discrimination when MT was psychophysically suppressed found that learning was possible with suppressed MT, but only when the task was sufficiently easy [Lu, H., Qian, N., Liu, Z. (2004). Learning motion discriminat...

Abstract The reaction–diffusion models can reproduce a wide variety of exquisite spatio-temporal patterns arising in embryogenesis, development and population dynamics due to the diffusion-driven (Turing) instability [102, 162].

On page 737, Fahlén et al. show that colitis-inducing effector T cells that cannot respond to the suppressive cytokine TGFrefuse to be controlled by regulatory T (T reg) cells. Naturally occurring T reg cells suppress the activity of effector CD4 T cells and are essential for the prevention of autoimmune disease and chronic inflammation. TGFappears to be required for T reg cell activity, but de...

One of the most elusive challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia is the reliable identification of silent aspiration (aspiration in the absence of cough). The citric acid inhalation cough challenge offers potential for aiding in identification of silent aspiration; however clinical application of this technique is currently problematic due to an absence of normative data. Therefor...