introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes and quantitatively assess the roughness of dentin after the ablation with a ytterbium-doped potassium yttrium tungstate (yb: kyw) thin-disk femtosecond pulsed laser of different fluences, scanning speeds and scanning distances. method: twelve extracted human premolars were sectioned into crowns and roots along the cem...

In this paper, we propose a 3D shape similarity measurement method using the surface skeleton of a voxelized 3D shape. A set of features are extracted from the skeleton by combining the skeleton and the distance map of the subject. The distribution of these extracted features is used to represent the 3D shape. Two 3D shapes can be compared with a similarity score computed from the distance betw...

aim and background:   one of interventional procedure in pain specialty is stellate ganglion block. in this study we tried to show more on the sonoanatomy of the area, including the diameter of longus coli muscle and the distance between sixth cervical transverse process and the surface of skin. obviously, understanding different anatomical locations can help to more successful block and avoid ...

The computation of the minimum distance between two objects is an important problem in the applications such as haptic rendering, CAD/CAM, NC veri cation, robotics and computer graphics. This paper presents a method to compute the minimum distance between a canal surface and a simple surface (that is, a plane, a natural quadric, or a torus) by nding roots of a function of a single parameter. We...

in magnetic abrasive finishing (maf), abrasive grains as a tool move on surface and can removechip from surface of work piece. in this study al 6061 tube was considered as the work piece andthe effect of finishing parameters such as gap distance between tube and poles, rotational speed oftube, abrasive ration and finishing time on surface roughness was investigated. the mixture offerromagnetic ...

A theory for tunneling between a real surface and a model probe tip, applicable to the "scanning tunneling microscope" is presented. The tunneling current is found to be proportional to the local density of states of the surface, at the position of the tip. It can be shown that the tunneling conductance has exponential dependence on the distance of the nearest approach to the surface