BACKGROUND Zone 2 flexor tendon injuries still represent a challenging problem to hand surgeons despite the well developed surgical techniques and suture materials. Meticulous surgical repair with atraumatic handling of the severed tendon stumps and minimal damage to the tendon sheath are particularly important to prevent postoperative adhesions and ruptures in this area.In zone 2 flexor tendon...

Hybridisation can produce evolutionary novelty by increasing fitness and adaptive capacity. Heterosis, or hybrid vigour, has been documented in many plant and animal taxa, and is a notable consequence of hybridisation that has been exploited for decades in agriculture and aquaculture. On the contrary, loss of fitness in naturally occurring hybrid taxa has been observed in many cases. This can h...

Morphological features of the mid-palatal suture were studied in human foetuses from 4 to 9 months of intra-uterine life. The foetuses were divided into three age groups, GI (16-23 weeks), GII (24-31 weeks) and GIII (32-39 weeks). The mid-palatal suture in GI foetuses is rectilineal in form with a wide space between the palatal processes of the maxilla. The suture has a sinuous nature in GII an...

“There is a great difference between knowing and understanding: You can know a lot about something and not really understand it.â€�. This quote attributed to Charles Kettering explains why the more we know about zone 2 repairs; the less we seem to understand. In this presentation, I will show that our lack of understanding is due entirely to biomechanical gaps in the current knowledge—gaps larg...

background laceration of the hand extensor tendons is common in the upper extremities, causing soft tissue trauma. these tendons, because of their superficial location and lying adjacent to bones, have a greater tendency to be injured than flexor tendons. objectives the aim of this study was to determine the results of primary repairs of lacerated extensor tendons of the fingers, with respect t...

Surgical repair of a Bankart lesion requires thorough recognition of the capsulolabral attachment and adequate visualization for suture anchor repair. The glenoid labrum usually detaches from its capsule and bony attachment anteriorly and inferiorly; however, the labral and capsule detachment can sometimes extend beyond this zone of injury. Identification and repair may require additional viewi...