Patch-clamp recordings were used to study ion currents induced by cell swelling caused by hypotonicity in human prostate cancer epithelial cells, LNCaP. The reversal potential of the swelling-evoked current suggested that Cl(-) was the primary charge carrier (termed I(Cl,swell)). The selectivity sequence of the underlying volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) for different anions was Br(-) ap...

[1] Field measurements of the ocean surface wave spectrum focusing on the slope-contributing components are used to construct a spectral model of the ocean surface roughness. The spectral parameterization is established with the observed empirical power law relation between the dimensionless wave spectral density and wind speed. The power law parameters (proportionality coefficient and exponent...

The hydromechanical properties of a South African expansive clay are reported. In this study,swell potential and swell pressure were assessed by two oedometric approaches, namely, the loading after wetting test test. data indicate that predictions from approaches remain similar, whereas greater heave obtained for approach. It is also observed magnitude predicted dependent on soaking stress cons...

Using global satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations, swell systems are confirmed to travel over very large distances across ocean basins. Satellite observations can provide a global view of swell systems when using a specific ”wave mode” sampling. The data are gathered globally and systematically, but the SAR-derived peak wavelength and directional parameters are restricted to th...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the radiographic, anatomic, and histologic characteristics of the nasal septal swell body. DESIGN Computer-aided analysis of magnetic resonance images (MRIs) and histologic examination of cadaveric nasal septa. SETTING Tertiary medical center. PATIENTS Fifty-four head MRI studies were performed on adult live patients; we also used 10 cadaveric nasal septa. MAIN OUTC...

Several proteins belonging to the ATP-binding cassette superfamily can affect ion channel function. These include the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, the sulfonylurea receptor, and the multidrug resistance protein P-glycoprotein (MDR1). We measured whole cell swelling-activated Cl- currents ( I Cl,swell) in parental cells and cells expressing wild-type MDR1 or a phosphoryla...

Global observations of ocean swell, from satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar data, are used to estimate the dissipation of swell energy for a number of storms. Swells can be very persistent with energy e-folding scales exceeding 20,000 km. For increasing swell steepness this scale shrinks systematically, down to 2800 km for the steepest observed swells, revealing a significant loss of swell ener...

The swell propagation model built on geometric optics is known to work well when simulating radiated swells from a far located storm. Based on this simple approximation, satellites have acquired plenty of large samples on basin-traversing swells induced by fierce storms situated in mid-latitudes. How to routinely reconstruct swell fields with these irregularly sampled observations from space vi...

AIMS Because ceramide accumulates in several forms of cardiovascular disease and ceramide-induced apoptosis may involve the volume-sensitive Cl(-) current, I(Cl,swell), we assessed whether ceramide activates I(Cl,swell). METHODS AND RESULTS I(Cl,swell) was measured in rabbit ventricular myocytes by whole-cell patch clamp after isolating anion currents. Exogenous C(2)-ceramide (C(2)-Cer), a me...

An edge-colored graph is said to be swell-colored if each triangle contains exactly 1 or 3 colors but never 2 colors and if the graph contains more than one color. It is shown that a swell-colored complete graph with n vertices contains at least √ n + 1 colors. The complete graph with n 2 vertices has a swell coloring using n + 1 colors if and only if there exists a finite affine plane of order...