Laws are costly to enforce. We explore the implications of this principle in a model where the design of the laws and their enforcement are determined jointly. A benevolent government trades off the benefit of a stricter legal standard with the cost of its enforcement. Therefore, legal standards and enforcement are complements, and increase in aggregate wealth. If bureaucrats are corruptible, t...

The automatic detection of definitions in legal texts has mainly been considered from the perspective of legal information retrieval so far. In this paper, we demonstrate that the same techniques can also be employed for the purpose of a domain-specific automated style checking of draft laws. We report on the automatic identification of legal definitions in a large corpus of Swiss laws, and we ...

Real-world dispute resolution should be guided by laws, even if such disputes may be resolved by bodies other than the court of laws. Hence in order to build contract dispute resolution systems we need a tool capable of representing, reasoning and programming with contract laws. In this paper we present such a tool called MoDiSo (MOdular Argumentation for DIspute ReSOlution) which combines the ...

METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials selected 17 state and large local jurisdictions on the basis of their proximity to federal quarantine stations and collaborated with their state health department legal counsel to conduct formulaic self-assessments of social distancing legal authorities, create tables of authorit...

INTRODUCTION There is growing recognition in the health community that the legal environment-including laws, policies, and related procedures-impacts vulnerability to HIV and access to HIV-related services both positively and negatively. Assessing changes in the legal environment and how these affect HIV-related outcomes, however, is challenging, and understanding of appropriate methodologies n...

Scientific journals have a central place in protecting research integrity because published articles are the most visible documentation of research. We used SWOT analysis to audit (S)trengths and (W)eaknesses as internal and (O)pportunities and (T)hreats as external factors affecting journals' responsibility in addressing research integrity issues. Strengths include editorial independence, auth...

Legal idea, as a kind of rational cognitive state, is the spiritual core of national laws. Traditional articleremembering legal education is either necessary or meaningful in practice. The cultivation of young students’ scientific legal idea is vital for the success of national law modernization. In practice, to cultivate young students’ scientific legal ideas, we should strengthen the recognit...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether laws and regulations in Botswana, South Africa and Zambia - three countries with a high tuberculosis and HIV infection burden - address elements of the World Health Organization (WHO) policy on tuberculosis infection control. METHODS An online desk review of laws and regulations that address six selected elements of the WHO policy on tuberculosis infection contr...

Because the rate of consumption of away-from-home meals has increased dramatically, the distinction between requiring nutrition information for packaged but not restaurant products is no longer reasonable. Public health necessitates that nutrition labels must be included with restaurant menus as a strategy to educate consumers and address the escalation of obesity. Menu-labeling laws are being ...

This paper presents a SWOT analysis of SEA systems in the Middle East North Africa region through a comparative examination of the status, application and structure of existing systems based on country-specific legal, institutional and procedural frameworks. The analysis is coupled with the multi-attribute decision making method (MADM) within an analytical framework that involves both performan...