We discuss excitations in nonrelativistic field theories with spontaneous breaking of a continuous global symmetry. It is known that in such systems there are two types of Goldstone bosons (Type A and Type B) whose dispersion law is generically linear or quadratic, respectively. We show that Type B Goldstone bosons may have gapped partners which we call almost-Goldstone bosons. With some nondeg...

The purpose of this research is to provide a deeper understanding of the planar high- symmetry configuration instability. In the ideal case, the distortion corresponds to the movements of nuclei along normal modes that belong to non-totally symmetric irreps of the high symmertry (HS) point group of molecule. The analysis of the structural distortion from the HS nuclear arrangements of the JT ac...

Finite-domain constraint programming can be used to solve a wide range of problems by first modelling the problem as a set of constraints that characterise the problem’s solutions, then searching for solutions that satisfy the constraints. Experts often augment models with implied constraints and constraints that break symmetries in the model. An emerging pattern in the modelling process, highl...

[Puget, 2004] has shown that if the symmetry in a constraint satisfaction problem acts only on the variables and there is also an allDifferent constraint on the variables, the symmetry can be eliminated by adding a small number of constraints, linear in the number of variables. In this paper, Puget’s procedure for finding a set of symmetrybreaking constraints is extended to find all possible di...

A new way of supersymmetry breaking involving a dynamical parameter is introduced. It is independent of particle phenomenology and gauge groups. The only requirement is that Lorentz invariance be valid strictly infinitesimally (i. e. Spin(1, 3) be for some values of the parameter replaced by a compact group G with its Lie algebra g = so(1, 3)).

We construct a hybrid inflationary model associated with the superheavy scale MX ≃ 2 × 1016 GeV of the minimal supersymmetric standard model which is based on the simplest superpotential for symmetry breaking and in which the inflaton potential along the inflationary trajectory is essentially provided by quasi-canonical supergravity. The resulting spectrum of adiabatic density pertubations is b...

When CP asymmetries in B(t) → ππ are combined using broken flavor SU(3) with decay rates for B → Kπ and/or B → Kπ, one can obtain stringent limits on the weak phase γ which are consistent with those obtained from other CKM constraints. Experimental data in the past few years have improved to the extent that systematic errors associated with uncertainty in SU(3) symmetry breaking dominate the de...