OBJECTIVE Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) and its essential oil have been traditionally used to treat many conditions and symptoms such as premenstrual problems, mastalgia, inflammation, sexual dysfunction, and pain. In this study, the effects of essential oil extracted from Vitex agnus-castus (EOVAC) leaves were investigated in three behavioral models of nociception in adult male Wistar rats. MATER...

The present study was carried out to investigate the analgesic activity of Etoricoxib (10 mg) for individual drug therapy and etoricoxib (5 mg) for combination therapy with diclofinac potassium (10 mg) using Acetic acid induce writhing, Hot plate and Tail immersion methods. The test and standard drugs significantly (p<0.001) reduced the number of abdominal constriction and stretching of hind li...

Ferulic acid is a caffeic acid derivative and a common phenolic compound quite abundant in various medicinal plants that used for pain relief. The antinociceptive effect of ferulic acid has been shown; however, the action mechanisms of ferulic acid still remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible mechanism of action of ferulic acid-induced antinociception i...

Ferulic acid is a caffeic acid derivative and a common phenolic compound quite abundant in various medicinal plants that used for pain relief. The antinociceptive effect of ferulic acid has been shown; however, the action mechanisms of ferulic acid still remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible mechanism of action of ferulic acid-induced antinociception i...

Phencyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine, PCP, I) and ketamine (2-O-chlorophenyl-2-methylaminocyclohexan, II) have shown analgesic effects. Some of its derivatives were synthesized and their biological properties have been studied. In this study, a new derivative of PCP, (1-[1-(3-methoxyphenyl) (tetralyl)] piperidine, PCP-OCH3-tetralyl, III) was synthesized and the acute thermal pain of...

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the Amorphophallus Bulbifer in Wistar rats and mice. Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of the hydroalcohol extract of A. bulbifer whole plant at dose levels of 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o. in rats was determined with a plethysmograph paw volume difference of the animals preand post-treatment. Ibuprofen (10 mg/kg) was empl...

The plants of the genus Polygala (Polygalaceae) are employed in folk medicine for the treatment of several pathologies, including disorders of the bowel and kidney, as anesthetic, expectorant and anti-inflammatory. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antiedematogenic and antinociceptive activities of methanolic extract of Polygala boliviensis A. W. Benn (MEPB) in mice. The antin...

Geodorum densiflorum, Diospyros blancoi, Baccaurea ramiflora and Trichosanthes dioica are four important medicinal plants used traditionally in various diseases. Different parts of these plants have been used in different painful conditions. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the analgesic activities of methanol extract of pseudobulb of G. densiflorum, seeds of D. blancoi,...

Phencyclidine (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine, CAS 956-90-1, PCP, I) and many of its analogues have shown some pharmacological effects. In this study, new pyrrole derivatives of I (1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrole, II and 1-[1-(4-methylphenyl)(cyclohexyl)]pyrrole, III) and their intermediates were synthesized and the acute and chronic pains were examined on mice using tail immersion (as a model ...