Phenolic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is a commonly used food preservative with broad biological activities, including protection against acute toxicity of chemicals, modulation of macromolecule synthesis and immune response, induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes, and especially its potential tumor-promoting activities. Understanding the molecular basis underlying these divers...

In this study we tested the genotoxicity of two widely used phenolic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in multiple mouse organs using the alkaline comet assay. Tissue samples from four organs (stomach, liver, kidney and bone marrow) were collected from male mice at 3 and 24 h post treatment with BHA (800 mg/kg) or TBHQ (400 mg/kg) and examined for ge...

Background: Antioxidants are food additives in oil and fat products usually to decrease the process of rancidity by preventing the oxidation such as in margarine. BHA, BHT, propyl gallate, and TBHQ are commonly used antioxidants. Combinations of antioxidants are generally used in the food product. Therefore, analytical method which is capable to measure the antioxidants simultaneously, is requi...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce intestinal inflammatory response and mucosal injury. Antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown in our previous studies to prevent oxidative stress and inflammatory response in gut after TBI. The objective of this study was to test whether tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an Nrf2 inducer, can protect a...

The Forkhead transcription factor, FoxO3a induces genomic death responses in neurones following translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. Nuclear translocation of FoxO3a is triggered by trophic factor withdrawal, oxidative stress and the stimulation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Receptor activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signalling pathways retains FoxO3a in the cyt...

This study shows the possibility of using gallic acid (GA) and/or methyl gallate (MG) accompanied by phosphatidylcholine (PC) instead tert-butylhydoquinone (TBHQ) for frying purposes. The antioxidants and PC were added in concentrations 1.2 mM 500–2000 mg/kg, respectively. Oxidative stability index (OSI) kinetics change conjugated dienes (LCD), carbonyls (LCO), value (AV) used to assess antioxi...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia in the elderly with no effective treatment. Accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain, one of the pathological features of AD, is considered to be a central disease-causing and disease-promoting event in AD. In this study, we showed that feeding male AβPP/PS1 transgenic mice, a well established mouse model of AD, with a diet contai...

The antioxidant effects of clove oil (CO) and clove oleoresin (COR) in two species of meat i.e. chicken and chevon during refrigerated storage (4±1°C) were investigated. The antioxidant potential (AOP) and radical scavenging activities were compared with natural (α-Tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid) and synthetic antioxidants (BHA and TBHQ). CO & TBHQ, BHA and COR and L-ascorbic acid and α-Tocophe...

The antioxidant activity of myricetin, a natural flavonol found in fruits and vegetables, was determined in soybean oil methyl esters (SME) and compared with a-tocopherol and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) over a 90-day period employing EN 14112, acid value, and kinematic viscosity methods. Myricetin had greater antioxidant activity than a-tocopherol, but was inferior to TBHQ. Synergism was obse...

Methamphetamine (MA) leads to cardiac and pulmonary toxicity expressed as increases in inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. However, some interactions may exist between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). The current study is designed to investigate if both oxidative stress and ERS are involved in MA-induced chronic pulmonary toxicity and if antioxidant tertiary but...