We review the history of the parallel tempering simulation method. From its origins in data analysis, the parallel tempering method has become a standard workhorse of physiochemical simulations. We discuss the theory behind the method and its various generalizations. We mention a selected set of the many applications that have become possible with the introduction of parallel tempering and we s...

We review the history of the parallel tempering simulation method. From its origins in data analysis, the parallel tempering method has become a standard workhorse of physicochemical simulations. We discuss the theory behind the method and its various generalizations. We mention a selected set of the many applications that have become possible with the introduction of parallel tempering, and we...

Mechanical properties of dissimilar weld joints between GOST09ch16N4B (a martensitic stainless steel) and AISI 4130 thin sheets made by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) were studied using ER410NiMo and ER100S-G filler metals in post weld heat treated conditions. Heat treatment cycles consisted of austenitization at 900, 950 and 1000 °C for 1 h and this was followed by oil cooling and tempering a...

The microstructure and properties of a 5 wt.% Cr cold work tool steel were studied after austenitisation at 1020°C, 1050°C or 1075°C followed by single, double and triple tempering treatments at 525°C. The microstructures were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction and phase transformations were studied by dilatometry. Furthermore, hardness and Charpy un-notched an...

We introduce a new update scheme to systematically improve the efficiency of parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulations by taking into account the temperature dependence of autocorrelation times. In contrast to previous attempts the temperatures are not dynamically adjusted but chosen in such a way that the acceptance rate for proposed exchanges of all adjacent replica is about 50%. We show tha...

We give conditions under which a Markov chain constructed via parallel or simulated tempering is guaranteed to be rapidly mixing, which are applicable to a wide range of multimodal distributions arising in Bayesian statistical inference and statistical mechanics. We provide lower bounds on the spectral gaps of parallel and simulated tempering. These bounds imply a single set of sufficient condi...

The present paper explores a simple approach to the question of parallel tempering temperature selection. We argue that to optimize the performance of parallel tempering it is reasonable to require that the increase in entropy between successive temperatures be uniform over the entire ensemble. An estimate of the system's heat capacity, obtained either from experiment, a preliminary simulation,...

to investigate the effect of tempering treatment on mechanical properties and the microstructure ofdin 1.4021 martensitic stainless steel, austenite treatment was conducted for the samples at 1000ºc temperature for 60 min and then the samples were oil quenched. later, tempering treatments wereperformed for the samples at 500 ºc and 700 ºc temperatures for 2 and 5 h, respectively; then quenching...

This investigation is concerned to evaluate the influence of heat treatment on mechanical behavior of AISI1040 steel; it is one of the grades of medium carbon steel of American standard containing 0.40% carbon in its composition. Specimen of quenched/hardened AISI1040 steel was tempered at temperature (650,450&250°C) for 60, 90&120 minutes to modify desired properties. The mechanical behavior, ...

Alternative crystal structures are possible for all lipids and each different crystal structure is called a polymorphic form. Inter-conversion between polymorphisms would imply the possibility of leaning crystal formation toward the most effective polymorphism for adipocyte destruction. Food industry has been tempering lipids for decades. Tempering technology applied to lipocryolysis gave birth...