The two steps in influenza virus RNA replication are (i) the synthesis of template RNAs, i.e., full-length copies of the virion RNAs, and (ii) the copying of these template RNAs into new virion RNAs. We prepared nuclear extracts from infected HeLa cells that catalyzed both template RNA and virion RNA synthesis in vitro in the absence of an added primer. Antibody depletion experiments implicated...

Single-stranded M13mp18 phage DNA was methylated with dimethylsulfate (DMS), and further treated with alkali to ring-open N7-methylguanine residues and yield 2-6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5N-methylformamidopyrimidine (Fapy) residues. Nucleotide incorporation during in vitro DNA synthesis on methylated template using E. coli DNA polymerase Klenow fragment (Kf polymerase) was reduced compared to the unme...

this study describes the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (mips) by using an anti-che ops, namely dursban, as a template. non-covalent bulk polymerization was successfully applied to synthesis different imprinted and non-imprinted polymers with maa, mma, aa, and 4-vpy as monomer in selected porogens (chloroform, toluene, and acetonitrile). in order to evaluate the template binding of...

A Novel modified Analcime (Na16 (Al16Si32O96) •16H2O) zeolite with a new molar ratio have been successfully synthesized. In order to investigate the role of the template, Different samples were synthesized with and without Tetramethylammoniumhydroxide (TMAOH) template through hydrothermal method. Different synthesis times (24, 36 and 72 hours) and molar ratios have been utilized. The optimum sa...

Confluent monolayers of WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts can be stimulated to divide by fresh medium containing 30% fetal-calf serum. Up to 80% of the cells are stimulated to divide, with a peak of DNA synthesis between 15 and 21 hr. 1 hr after the change of medium there is a 70% rise in chromatin template activity. Cycloheximide inhibited the increase in chromatin template activity. A requireme...

The Bonn Open Synthesis System (BOSS) is a toolkit for the efficient development of speech synthesis applications. To facilitate adaptation to tone languages, we added support for tone contour quantization and prediction. Now it is possible to integrate syllable and word tone templates into the system and predict as well as select them efficiently. The simple model presented here is trained aut...

The effects of Mg++, Mn++, and KCl addition, individually and in combination, on the rate of DNA- and RNA-primed DNA synthesis by avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) using a variety of natural and synthetic template-primer combinations were examined. Optimal divalent cation concentrations were found to vary by as much as 10-fold depending upon the template-primer u...

Conventionally, in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), oligonucleotide primers bind to the template DNA in an antiparallel complementary way and the template DNA is amplified as it is. Here we describe an approach in which the first primer binds in a parallel complementary orientation to the single-stranded DNA, leading to synthesis in a parallel direction. Further reactions happened in a conven...