The contribution of toxic O2 metabolites to cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury has not been determined. We found that gerbils subjected to temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion (ischemia) consistently developed neurologic deficits during ischemia with severities that correlated with increasing degrees of brain edema and brain H2O2 levels after reperfusion. In contrast, gerbils treated...

BACKGROUND Although the use of temporary shunts in proximal extremity amputations has been reported, no study has described the use of temporary shunts in distal extremity amputations that require vein grafting. Moreover, the total volume of blood loss when temporary shunts are used has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of a temporary shunt for distal...

BACKGROUND Although temporary cardiac pacing is infrequently needed, temporary epicardial pacing wires are routinely inserted after valve surgery. As they are associated with infrequent, but life threatening complications, and the decreased need for postoperative pacing in a group of low risk patients; this study aims to identify the predictors of temporary cardiac pacing after valve surgery. ...

Temporary cardiac pacing can be a life-saving manoeuvre. The indications and techniques are well established. 1 The procedure is one of the 'essential' components of the training programme in general internal medicine. This may be desirable, but is it wise nowadays? Is it achievable? The traditional indication for a temporary cardiac pacemaker is heart block; the usual venue for the procedure i...

objective: the risk of cardiac death in diabetic patients is 3 times more than non-diabetics. but it is not determined who need cardiac screening. about 41% of diabetic patients with silent ischemia are missed. the carotid intima-media thickness (cimt) and ankel brachial index are two independent,simple and non invasive method in vascular complications diagnosis in diabetic patients.the aim of ...

In open vascular repair, when prolonged infrarenal aortic clamping can be expected, and collateral perfusion is reduced, the use of a temporary shunt may reduce the risk of ischemic complications. In a patient with Marfan's syndrome and aortic dissection who had developed infrarenal aneurysms, segmental arteries had been occluded by prior aortic surgery and collateral arteries in the anterior t...

Early approaches to the development of oxygen carriers involved the use of stroma-free hemoglobin solutions. These solutions did not require blood typing or crossmatching and could be stored for long periods. In addition, a variety of methods have been developed in chemically modifying and stabilizing the hemoglobin molecule. Several hemoglobin therapeutics are now in clinical trials as tempora...