Over the past twenty years, risk communication researchers and practitioners have learned some lessons, often at considerable personal price. For the most part, the mistakes that they have made have been natural, even intelligent ones. As a result, the same pitfalls may tempt newcomers to the field. This essay offers a personal (even confessional) history of the field over this period. It ident...

Pregnancy can be daunting. Prenatal gadgets tempt expecting mothers at every turn, as the market is saturated with ever-changing options for mommy, daddy and baby. But underneath it all, we are simply driven by a common desire to fulfill the ideals of motherhood and to connect with our babies. Stroller technology alone is enough to baffle the mind. Maybe next year we’ll see an organic, Tempur-P...

Abstract Research suggests that explanatory pictures support learning, whereas distract processing resources from the main ideas of a text may impair learning and are considered as seductive illustrations. However, non-explanatory related to do not tempt readers focus illustrations more than text’s might improve through spreading activation processes during learning. This effect be reflected in...

Those who teach or are taught medical ethics with a heavy reliance on case studies should be warned first of all that the practice tends to exaggerate the degree to which morality is controversial. Secondly, they ought to realise that it is often quite unclear what problems count as moral problems. Thirdly, they will need to bear in mind that there may be -- and presumably are -- limits to what...

This paper presents a User-Oriented MultiDocument Update Summarization system based on a maximization-minimization approach. Our system relies on two main concepts. The first one is the cross summaries sentence redundancy removal which tempt to limit the redundancy of information between the update summary and the previous ones. The second concept is the newness of information detection in a cl...

Probability theory is measure theory specialized by assumptions having to do with stochastic independence. Delete from probability and statistics those theorems that explicitly or implicitly (e.g., by postulating a random sample) invoke independence, and relatively little remains. Or at tempt to estimate probabilities from data without assuming that at least certain observations are independent...

This paper describes a series of experiments aimed at producing a bot tom-up parser that will produce partial parses suitable for use in robust interpretation and still be reasonably efficient. In the course of these experiments, we improved parse times by a factor of 18 over our first a t tempt, ending with a system that was twice as fast as our previous parser, which relied on strong top-down...

Two recent developments in South Asia have increased the risk of an accelerated arms race between India and Pakistan. One development is PakistanÕs introduction of theNasrmissile, a very-short-range, ÒtacticalÓ nuclear weapon that threatens IndiaÕs conventional forces and could also tempt other countries to develop battlefieldusable nuclear weapons. The other development is IndiaÕs announcement...

Within the last 4 years, progress in the transplantation of human cancer into animals has been striking (3, 4, 8, 10). The present report deals with at tempts to transplant 68 human neoplasms into hamster cheek pouches. The animals were treated in various ways in an a t tempt to reduce their resistance to the growth of human tumors. A considerable proportion of the cancers survived, and some gr...

An outline is given of the use of operant conditioning techniques in the study of the behavior of farm animals. Using operant methods, pigs and sheep placed in cold environments have been trained to perform simple responses in order to obtain radiant heat. Factors which influence this behavior such as level of nutri t ion, ambient temperature and the intensity of the radiant heat have been exam...