The assessment of teratogenic effects of chemicals is generally performed using in vivo teratogenicity assays, for example, in rats or rabbits. We have developed an in vitro teratogenicity assay using the zebrafish Danio rerio embryo combined with an exogenous mammalian metabolic activation system (MAS), able to biotransform proteratogenic compounds. Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and ethanol were used...

sulfur mustard (sm) has been used as a chemical warfare agent, in the world war i and more recently during iraq-iran war in early 1980s’. its biological poisoning effect could be local or systemic and its effect depends on environmental conditions, exposed organs, and the extent and duration of exposure. it is considered as a strong alkylating agent with known mutagenic, carcinogenic effects; a...

Objective Antiepileptic drugs (AED) have chronic teratogenic effects, the most common of which are congenital heart disease, cleft lip/palate, urogenital and neural tube defects. The aim of our study is to examine teratogenic effects of AED and the correlation between these malformations and AED in single or multiple pregnancies. Methods This is a retrospective study of malformations in child...

The aim of our study was to study the possible correlation between use of antibacterial drugs in pregnancy and occurrence of congenital malformations. Among 6099 investigated pregnant women, 392 (6.43%) used antibacterial drugs. The most frequently used antibacterials belonged to category B (75.77%), while 14.54% antibiotics belonged to category D and 1.02% to category X. The most often used an...

Chromium (Cr) is an element present in nature mineral form. It has a dual effect, both as essential micronutrient and carcinogenic agent depending on its chemical form concentration. various environmental matrices such water, soil, air, coming from natural anthropogenic sources, causes harmful effects biota, ecosystems, even human beings. This study's objective was to evaluate chromium toxicity...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: AEDs: Antiepileptic Drugs; ARBDs: AlcoholRelated Birth Defects; Cd: Cadmium; Dex: Dexamethasone; FAS: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; GA: Glatiramer Acetate; KT: Ketoconazole; MQ: Mefloquine; MS: Multiple Sclerosis; NO: Nitrous Oxide; NP: Nonylphenol; PTH: Sodium Phenytoin; RA; Retinoic Acid; RA; Rheumatoid Arthritis; SM: Sulfur Mustard; VPA:...

Thalidomide is a teratogen in humans but not in rodents. It causes multiple birth defects including malformations of limbs, ears, and other organs. However, the species-specific mechanism of thalidomide teratogenicity is not completely understood. Reproduction of the human teratogenicity of thalidomide in rodents has previously failed because of the lack of a model reflecting human drug metabol...

QUESTION One of my female patients has epilepsy and is currently receiving lamotrigine monotherapy. She has recently found that she is 6 weeks pregnant and is concerned about possible side effects of lamotrigine on her fetus. How should I advise her and should I switch to another antiepileptic drug? ANSWER Lamotrigine (LTG) has not been associated with an increased risk for major malformation...