نتایج جستجو برای: terrestrial atmosphere
تعداد نتایج: 87850 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Introduction: Atmospheric and volatile measurements are crucial to understanding both Mars' climate history and its potential for harboring life. Our present knowledge of the Mars atmosphere comes primarily from the Viking mass spectrometers, gases trapped in the martian meteorites, and from telescopic observations. The Viking landers measured the chemical composition of all major atmospheric s...
[1] Aquatic ecosystems are hotspots of decomposition and sources of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere that are globally significant. Carbon exported from land (allochthonous) also supplements the carbon fixed by photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems (autochthonous), contributing to the organic matter (OM) that supports aquatic consumers. Although the presence of terrestrial compounds in aquatic O...
Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to terrestrial and marine ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N. The majority of the transformations of anthropogenic Nr are on land (240 Tg N yr(-1)) within soils and vegetation where reduced Nr contributes most of the input through the use of fertilizer nitrogen in agricult...
PB 103 The six chapters (Chapters 10-15) in Part III consider the current and future carbon balance of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in North America. Although the amount of carbon exchanged between these ecosystems and the atmosphere each year through photosynthesis and plant and microbial respiration is large, the net balance for all of the ecosystems combined is currently a net sink of ...
Abstract We performed simulations of the EAS particle transport initiated by ultra-high-energy gamma rays entering terrestrial atmosphere. During thunderstorms, electric fields above LHAASO array efficiently modulate particles. Because this modulation, possible bias on energy estimation for primary energies up to 100 TeV can be ten-fold. Moreover, higher (≈1 PeV), field modulation enlarges “gen...
The fate of fossil fuel carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere depends on the exchange rates of carbon between the atmosphere and three major carbon reservoirs, namely, the oceans, shallow-water sediments, and the terrestrial biosphere. Various assumptions and models used to estimate the global carbon budget for the last 20 years are reviewed and evaluated. Several versions of recent atmos...
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