Background Item response times in computerized assessments are frequently used to identify rapid guessing behaviour as a manifestation of disengagement. However, non-rapid responses (i.e., with longer times) not necessarily engaged, which means that response-time-based procedures could overlook disengaged responses. Therefore, the identification be improved by considering additional indicators ...

The pivotal role of listening comprehension in second/foreign language learning requires that researchers conduct studies which investigate factors that affect test takers’ performances. The present study was set out to examine whether item modality (i.e., written vs. oral items) affects listening comprehension test performance. In addition, it investigated whether allowing test takers to take ...

More and more learning-disabled adolescents are now being served at the high school level. Usually these students have access to the services of a resource room and attend classes with their nonhandicapped peers. Once integrated in math, English, or civics courses, however, they are then faced with the difficult problem of taking tests, for which many do not have the necessary skills. To increa...

test washback is generally defined as the influence of tests on teaching and learning process. inspired by messick’s consequential validity and shohamy’s critical language testing, this critical impact study explored the transformative or reproductive practices different stakeholders undertake in relation to the detrimental impacts of konkoor in iran. the participants were 60 efl teachers, a sa...