Xenopus retinal ganglion cell growth cones express various voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels. We showed previously that 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium have different effects on the outward currents of embryonic Xenopus retinal ganglion cells. Therefore, we asked whether these Kv channel inhibitors differentially regulate the response of retinal ganglion cell growth cones to extrinsi...

A method for calculating the solution resistance of an integrated dual ultramicroelectrode was introduced, and then tested by experiments using dummy cells. Then, with the reduction of anthracene on a gold ultramicroelectrode in a 0.1 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate/acetonitrile solution as the test system, it could be found that the solution resistance of this integrated dual ultramicro...

Commercial tetraethylammonium chloride contains about 5% of the impurity triethylamine. External triethylamine raises cytoplasmic pH, which reduces the intracellular calcium concentration transient following calcium influx during membrane depolarization. The calcium influx is unaffected, so the cell's ability to buffer calcium transients is reduced. Purified tetraethylammonium does not have the...

To clarify the mechanisms of the renal tubular secretion of nicotine, we studied transport of nicotine in the kidney epithelial cell line LLC-PK1. The transcellular transport of nicotine from the basolateral side to the apical side of the LLC-PK1 monolayers grown on membrane filters was much greater than that of tetraethylammonium. The basolateral-to-apical transport of nicotine was stimulated ...

Ball-milling under either air or argon is explored as a facile way to adjust the textural properties, surface chemistry and morphology of activated reduced graphene oxide requirements for optimum electrode materials in electrical double layer capacitors operating aqueous (KOH), organic (tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate acetonitrile) ionic liquid (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromet...

The sympathetic ganglionic blocking agent tetraethylammonium has been used as a clearance marker for the measurement of renal plasma flow, but the sympathetic ganglionic blocking dose in rats is unknown. In light of differential reflex activation of sympathetic nerve activity to heart and kidney, we compared the effect of tetraethylammonium on renal nerve activity, mean arterial pressure, and h...

Pressurization of isolated arteries may result in Ca(2+)-dependent contraction and membrane depolarization. Because the open state probability of some vascular muscle K+ channels is augmented by rises in cytosolic Ca2+ and membrane depolarization, we investigated the possibility that increases in intraluminal pressure activate K+ channels in isolated, perfused rat saphenous arteries. Stepwise i...