most highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (aiv) emerge after field passage of non-pathogenic aivs in birds. the outbreak of low-pathogenic h7n1 avian influenza virus in italy during 1999-2000 followed by outbreak of highly pathogenic h7n1 avian influenza virus is one example in this regard. this experiment has been designed to investigate the effect of pre-infection of birds with lpai on s...

wild cage birds can be carriers of some human pathogens and some of these can be transmitted to people. campylobacter bacteria are the most common bacteria that cause gastroenteritis worldwide. considering people's interests to keep wild cage birds and the potential ability of wild cage birds to transmit campylobacter to humans, the present study was conducted to evaluate campylobacter inf...

Salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide. Salmonella infections in wild birds are reported frequently. The objectives of this study were to isolate Salmonella serovars from a large collection of samples obtained from pet birds in Tehran, Iran, and then to determine the serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates. Between October 2007 and Augu...

A study has been carried out for determining of cross-immunity between Massachusetts (Mass) M41 and Iranian IR/773/2001 (793/B) strains of infectious bronchitis virus. Two groups of 20 three weeks old SPF chickens vaccinated subcutaneously with two oil-emulsions inactivated Infectious Bronchitis Vaccines (Mass M41 and Iranian IR/773/2001 strains) that had been manufactured in Razi institute in ...

fifteen broiler chickens (cobb 400) of 42 days of age weighing 1.8 to 2.0 kg were equally divided into 3 groups, each consisting of 5 birds. hepatopathy was induced by oral administration of paracetamol while nephropathy was induced by intravenous administration of uranyl nitrate. kinetic study was investigated in healthy, hepatopathic and nephropathic birds following single oral administration...

there are 61 species in 14 families of fish-eating birds in iran. the fish-eating birds of the north of iran belong to 41 species in 10 families which include 67.2 percent of total fish eating bird species and 71% of fish-eating bird’s family of iran. resident birds constitute 13% of the fisheating birds of the caspian sea coasts and the rest are migratory in autumn and winter. there exist 3 ...

Following experimental inoculation of 3-week-old turkeys with different titres (106, 104, 103, 102 and 101 egg infectious dose (EID50)) of A/ostrich/Italy/984/2000 H7N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), the selected tissues and organs were examined for pathological changes. Tissue samples from different organs that obtained from dead and sacrificed birds were fixed in 10% neutral...

following experimental inoculation of 3-week-old turkeys with different titres (106, 104, 103, 102 and 101 egg infectious dose (eid50)) of a/ostrich/italy/984/2000 h7n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv), the selected tissues and organs were examined for pathological changes. tissue samples from different organs that obtained from dead and sacrificed birds were fixed in 10% neutral...

birds, sometimes numbering in millions, can cause serious damage to grain fields. in order to find a method to accordance with environmental issues and effective in controlling these birds, in this research, the effect of sound was studied for keep birds away. the broadcast unit was developed with the following design criteria: 1) three sound levels of hawk, gas gun and sparrow distress, with f...

The effect of dietary Terbutaline, a beta adrenergic agonist, on carcass characteristics and blood attributes in 288 Japanese quails was studied from 21 through 49 days of age. Dietary treatments included four levels of Terbutaline [0 (T0), 1 (T1), 3 (T3), and 5 (T5) mg/Kg of the diet]. Quails were bled at the end of the trial for biochemical assays and the carcass characteristics were then mea...