muslims nowadays need to be present on the international stage. this involves living together with non-muslims, especially the people of the book. this sort of life and interaction has different political, cultural, economic, and military aspects. the belief that non-muslims are impure (najes) causes hardship to the muslims; and is incompatible with human dignity, which is acknowledged by the q...

the question of the purity or impurity of non-muslims has always attracted the attention of the islamic jurists. the importance of this question has been due to the fact that the social and political interactions between muslims and non-muslims were quite inevitable. the present article is concerned first to examine the notion of purity and impurity as viewed by the sunni and shiite jurists and...

this paper compares the value relevance of book value and dividends versus book value and reported earnings. the main purpose of this study explains which of dividends, book value and earnings are more value relevance. thus, we have examined 98 firms of tehran stock exchange over a period 1377-1382. our methodology of examining the information content of various income statement and balance she...

We will demonstrate Interactive Books that children English can use independently to learn to read English texts accurately, fluently and expressively. The books feature Marni, a bilingual virtual reading teacher. Marni first familiarizes children with text by narrating it in the child’s first language, (currently, either Chinese or Spanish), followed by narration and read along activities in E...

When counting, the final word used to tag the final item in a set represents the cardinality, or total number, of the set. Understanding of this concept serves as a foundation for children’s basic mathematical skills. However, little is known about how the early learning environment can be structured to help children understand this important concept. The current study examined the effects of t...

“hedayat al-motealemin fi teb”, written by abobakr ebn ahmad akhaveini in the fourth century, (ah) is his only book left to the present time. from historical prospective, it is, by far, the first medicine book written in farsi. today, there are only three copies of the book kept in badlyan libraries of oxford, fateh library of istanbul and malek library of tehran. the reviews done on the three ...

The digitization of the book industry is often said to lead the physical book to an end. Yet, many existing national book markets refuse to adopt the technological change. Consumers’ resistance to electronic books is generally viewed as a result of high prices and shortcomings of e-reading technology. The current paper tries to take a step toward a more differentiated view on ebook adoption. Th...

this review article presents a brief in reduction of the revisionist reformers and stepfathers and points out some of the strengths of the book. the theoretical approach which the book is developed on is one of the strengths. how ever, there are some limitations such as: lack of theoretical framework, use of wage methodology in explaining the subject, not applying a critical approach toward the...