[This article examines whether trust or fiduciary law provides potential ‘stolen wages’ plaintiffs with a strong basis for a claim over money in bank accounts that previous governments held on the plaintiffs’ behalf. It also considers the broader issue of whether governments owed a fiduciary duty flowing from their obligations under general ‘protective’ legislation to prevent such workers from ...

the european court lifted the italian ban on pre-implantation diagnostics (pgd). as such the court accepted pgd as a generally accepted means for medically assisted procreation, which may have consequences for other member states prohibiting pgd.

unwillingness of the competent state to prosecute and investigate an international crime within the jurisdiction of the international criminal court is one of the aspects of admissibility of a case in the court. unwillingness is originally a subjective concept and is capable for a vast interpretation therefore may endanger the basic goal of complementarity principle i.e. respecting states sover...

jurisprudence, in its strict sense which is binding, is regarded as one of the important sources of law. this article seeks by relying on some judgments issued by general board of administrative justice court concerning the social security organization summarily investigate some deficiencies in performances of the social security organization and administrative justice court. in short, the enac...

[Law-makers, courts and regulators all assume that businesses’ compliance with the law is at least partly influenced by management’s rational calculations about the costs and gains of compliance and noncompliance. In this article, the authors use evidence from a survey of 999 large Australian businesses and these businesses’ experiences of compliance and enforcement under the Trade Practices Ac...

one of the most important issues which has long been considered as a shortfall in the civil procedure code (cpc) is the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal to issue interim orders. currently, neither the court nor the arbitral tribunal can freely grant the interim measure so that the tribunals and the court hardly accept the plea for granting the interim measure. the reason lies in the shortf...

normative constitution is the highest law system and the consistency of this system requires, following the rules below from the superior rules. from this view, preservation of the constitution as the fundamental law governing the legal system of each country needs to legal ways of controlling instruments. this process is followed from two distinct complementary routes of constitutionalization ...