the islamic period of the iranian history suggests that the development of the shiite art is an outcome of a continuous interaction and struggle between the political systems dominated in iran and the shiite beliefs system. historically, the situation of the shiite, as a resistance movement, has gradually changed to an established religion with its own theology. in other words, when the shiite ...

this essay is about the iraqi nation involved in iran-iraq war and two iraq-america wars. the writer of this paper has done a wide field research among iraqi war prisoners in iran and among iraqi military refugees in other countries. he has used the statistical findings of this research to support his explanations. he has written about iraqi people motivations to take part in these wars. furthe...

BACKGROUND Advancements in medical technology have significantly increased the possibility of successful infertility treatment. Medical interventions in the initial process of pregnancy that intend to increase the chances of pregnancy create the risk of multifetal pregnancies for both mothers and fetuses. Physicians attempt to reduce the numbers of fetuses in order to decrease this risk and gua...

Hasan Onat Şiîlik üzerine çalışmalar yapmış, bu mezhebin tarihi ve sosyal özelliklerine yoğunlaşmış, hangi şart-lar altında teşekkül ettiği temel fikirlerinin süreçlerden geçtikten sonra ettiğini aydınlatmaya çalışmıştır. Bu fikirleri açısından hicrî I. asrın son çeyreğin-den itibaren şekillendiğini ortaya koymuş, zaman içerisinde mezhebe dönüştüğünü savunmuştur. Mezhe-bin dönemi hakkındaki ça-...

The article studies the rise of Sunni Awakening (or Sahwa) movement as an example how different groups can be mobilized for collective action and disintegrated by internal external factors. It also examines motives tribal leaders to oppose AQI factors that had a decisive influence on disintegration movement. emergence Iraqi was associated not so much with sense ideological, patriotic, or religi...

Noting the polyethnicity of Pakistani state, author tried to trace «Kurdish in Pakistan». It was noted that representatives various peoples and nationalities live on territory Pakistan, who speak more than 60 languages. And one small communities among them are Iraqi Kurds, whose number, according some estimates, reaches 250 people. In 1659, Kurdish historian Akhund Mohmmad Saleh Zangana wrote b...