introduction: the southern oscillation is a large scale phenomenon that changes the normal oscillating air pressure on both sides of the pacific ocean. it disrupted the normal conditions and the patterns of temperature and precipitation change in the nearby region and other regions of the world. this phenomenon is caused by changing the water slope in the pacific ocean between peru (northwester...

Seasonal influenza epidemics occur annually during the winter in the northern and southern hemispheres, but timing of peaks and severity vary seasonally. Low humidity, which enhances survival and transmission of influenza virus, is the major risk factor. Both El Niño and La Niña phases of El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO), which determine inter-annual variation of precipitation, are putative ...

BACKGROUND Despite intensive vector control efforts, dengue epidemics continue to occur throughout Southeast Asia in multi-annual cycles. Weather is considered an important factor in these cycles, but the extent to which the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a driving force behind dengue epidemics remains unclear. METHODS We examined the temporal relationship between El Niño and the occu...

Coral reefs across the world are under threat from a range of stressors, and while there has been considerable focus on the impacts of these stressors on corals, far less is known about their effect on other reef organisms. The 1997-8 El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) had notable and severe impacts on coral reefs worldwide, but not all reef organisms were negatively impacted by this large-sca...

El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO) dynamics has been shown to drive seasonal influenza dynamics. Severe seasonal influenza epidemics and the 2009-2010 pandemic were coincident with chaotic regime of ENSO dynamics. ENSO dynamics from 1876 to 2016 were characterized to determine if influenza pandemics are coupled to chaotic regimes. Time-varying spectra of southern oscillation index (SOI) and se...

Linear methods of dimensionality reduction are useful tools for handling and interpreting high dimensional data. However, the cumulative variance explained by each of the subspaces in which the data space is decomposed may show a slow convergence that makes the selection of a proper minimum number of subspaces for successfully representing the variability of the process ambiguous. The use of no...

Abstract Continuing the tropical Pacific multivariate air‐sea coupler proposed by us before, we design Global spatial‐temporal Teleconnection Coupler (GTC), which is modeled to discover latent teleconnections among global sea surface temperature (SST). To this end, Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans are divided into small ocean patches that compose a dynamics graph, in adjacent relationships ...

Boreal-wintertime hindcasts in the Unified Forecast System with tropics nudged toward reanalysis improve United States (US) West Coast precipitation forecasts at Weeks 3–4 lead times when compared to those without nudging. To diagnose origin of these improvements, a multivariate k-means clustering method is used group into subsets by their initial conditions. One cluster characterized an initia...