plato in theory of philosopher-king believes that all of the members of ideal city-state, whether ruler or citizens, will attain happiness if the philosopher is the ruler. but there are paradoxes in the theory and the bases of the happiness are unstable too. in other words, plato in his theory presents hierarchical dualities (intelligible/visible world, episteme/ doxa,true/ untrue or shadow, …)...

Bhaskar defines the philosopher differently: the philosopher observes the scientist, and sees that the scientist is able to expand knowledge about the world using the methods he is using. The philosopher concludes from this: obviously, the world is such that the methods applied by the scientists allow them to gain knowledge about it. This tells us something very important about the world. The p...

fardid is an iranian contemporary philosopher who grows up in iran's inflamed political atmosphere. he is a verbal philosopher who is interested in iran's past history. having scattered speech and don't having any written document result to make a difficulty in finding his philosopher's ideas. fardid's philosophy isn't out of history and never be an abstract philos...

Fritz Heider was a wanderer, someone who liked to survey and take the measure of whatever he encountered. In his formative years, he was a wanderer in the geographical sense — hiking in his beloved Austrian mountains and traveling throughout much of Europe. In his professional years, he was a wanderer in the intellectual sense — taking daily walks for the purpose of analyzing a difficult concep...